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Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) has progressed from traditional single-task methods to large audio language model (LALM) solutions. Yet, most existing speech benchmarks focus on single-speaker or isolated tasks, overlooking the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Shuai Wang , Zhaokai Sun , Zhennan Lin , Chengyou Wang , Zhou Pan , Lei Xie

Advancements in spoken language processing have driven the development of spoken language models (SLMs), designed to achieve universal audio understanding by jointly learning text and audio representations for a wide range of tasks.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Pedro Corrêa , João Lima , Victor Moreno , Lucas Ueda , Paula Dornhofer Paro Costa

Neural network based approaches to data-to-text natural language generation (NLG) have gained popularity in recent years, with the goal of generating a natural language prompt that accurately realizes an input meaning representation. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Yuheng Du , Shereen Oraby , Vittorio Perera , Minmin Shen , Anjali Narayan-Chen , Tagyoung Chung , Anu Venkatesh , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

In ad-hoc retrieval, evaluation relies heavily on user actions, including implicit feedback. In a conversational setting such signals are usually unavailable due to the nature of the interactions, and, instead, the evaluation often relies…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Clemencia Siro , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Maarten de Rijke

We describe a system for building task-oriented dialogue systems combining the in-context learning abilities of large language models (LLMs) with the deterministic execution of business logic. LLMs are used to translate between the surface…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Tom Bocklisch , Thomas Werkmeister , Daksh Varshneya , Alan Nichol

Interest in dialog systems has grown substantially in the past decade. By extension, so too has interest in developing and improving intent classification and slot-filling models, which are two components that are commonly used in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-28 Stefan Larson , Kevin Leach

Speech-to-Speech (S2S) Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to natural human-computer interaction, enabling end-to-end spoken dialogue systems. However, evaluating these models remains a fundamental challenge. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuan Ge , Junxiang Zhang , Xiaoqian Liu , Bei Li , Xiangnan Ma , Chenglong Wang , Kaiyang Ye , Yangfan Du , Linfeng Zhang , Yuxin Huang , Tong Xiao , Zhengtao Yu , JingBo Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) excel at processing and generating both text and code. However, LLMs have had limited applicability in grounded task-oriented dialogue as they are difficult to steer toward task objectives and fail to handle…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Justin T. Chiu , Wenting Zhao , Derek Chen , Saujas Vaduguru , Alexander M. Rush , Daniel Fried

In a customer service system, dialogue summarization can boost service efficiency by automatically creating summaries for long spoken dialogues in which customers and agents try to address issues about specific topics. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Yicheng Zou , Lujun Zhao , Yangyang Kang , Jun Lin , Minlong Peng , Zhuoren Jiang , Changlong Sun , Qi Zhang , Xuanjing Huang , Xiaozhong Liu

Goal-oriented conversational agents are becoming prevalent in our daily lives. For these systems to engage users and achieve their goals, they need to exhibit appropriate social behavior as well as provide informative replies that guide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Yi-Chia Wang , Alexandros Papangelis , Runze Wang , Zhaleh Feizollahi , Gokhan Tur , Robert Kraut

Traditionally, offline datasets have been used to evaluate task-oriented dialogue (TOD) models. These datasets lack context awareness, making them suboptimal benchmarks for conversational systems. In contrast, user-agents, which are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Taaha Kazi , Ruiliang Lyu , Sizhe Zhou , Dilek Hakkani-Tur , Gokhan Tur

Implicit user feedback, user emotions and demographic information have shown to be promising sources for improving the accuracy and user engagement of responses generated by dialogue systems. However, the influence of such information on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Dominic Petrak , Thy Thy Tran , Iryna Gurevych

Building universal dialogue systems that operate across multiple domains/APIs and generalize to new ones with minimal overhead is a critical challenge. Recent works have leveraged natural language descriptions of schema elements to enable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Raghav Gupta , Harrison Lee , Jeffrey Zhao , Abhinav Rastogi , Yuan Cao , Yonghui Wu

Recently, resources and tasks were proposed to go beyond state tracking in dialogue systems. An example is the frame tracking task, which requires recording multiple frames, one for each user goal set during the dialogue. This allows a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Hannes Schulz , Jeremie Zumer , Layla El Asri , Shikhar Sharma

Linguistic entrainment, or alignment, represents a phenomenon where linguistic patterns employed by conversational participants converge to one another. While entrainment has been shown to produce a more natural user experience, most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Nalin Kumar , Ondřej Dušek

As telecommunication service providers shifting their focus to analyzing user behavior for package design and marketing interventions, a critical challenge lies in developing a unified, end-to-end framework capable of modeling long-term and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Liu Shi , Tianwu Zhou , Wei Xu , Li Liu , Zhexin Cui , Shaoyi Liang , Haoxing Niu , Yichong Tian , Jianwei Guo

Existing benchmarks for large language models (LLMs) predominantely focus on assessing their capabilities through verifiable tasks. Such objective and static benchmarks offer limited utility for practical LLM selection, making it difficult…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Qi Jia , Xiujie Song , Zicheng Zhang , Yijin Guo , Kaiwei Zhang , Zijian Chen , Guangtao Zhai

Most existing dialogue corpora and models have been designed to fit into 2 predominant categories : task-oriented dialogues portray functional goals, such as making a restaurant reservation or booking a plane ticket, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Armand Stricker , Patrick Paroubek

Conversational Spoken Language Models (SLMs) are emerging as a promising paradigm for real-time speech interaction. However, their capacity of temporal dynamics, including the ability to manage timing, tempo and simultaneous speaking,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Kai-Wei Chang , En-Pei Hu , Chun-Yi Kuan , Wenze Ren , Wei-Chih Chen , Guan-Ting Lin , Yu Tsao , Shao-Hua Sun , Hung-yi Lee , James Glass

This study addresses the interaction challenges encountered by spoken dialogue systems (SDSs) when engaging with users who exhibit distinct conversational behaviors, particularly minors, in scenarios where data are scarce. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Zhiyang Qi , Michimasa Inaba