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Let $G$ be a simple graph of order $n$. It is known that any Laplacian eigenvalue of $G$ belongs to the interval $[0,n]$. For an interval $I\subseteq [0, n]$, denote by $m_GI$ the number of Laplacian eigenvalues of $G$ in $I$, counted with…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-06-04 Leyou Xu , Bo Zhou

Consider a formally self-adjoint first order linear differential operator acting on pairs (2-columns) of complex-valued scalar fields over a 4-manifold without boundary. We examine the geometric content of such an operator and show that it…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2015-05-05 Yan-Long Fang , Dmitri Vassiliev

Assumed to be undirected, simple, and connected are all of the graphs in this study, and adjacency matrix $A$ serves as the associated matrix. In this paper we show that it is possible to relate a creation sequence for a type of cographs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-09 Santanu Mandal , Ranjit Mehatari

Let $\mathcal A$ be the adjacency matrix of a random $d$-regular graph on $N$ vertices, and we denote its eigenvalues by $\lambda_1\geq \lambda_2\cdots \geq \lambda_{N}$. For $N^{2/3}\ll d\leq N/2$, we prove optimal rigidity estimates of…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-08-01 Yukun He

In this article, we introduce a geometric and a spectral preorder relation on the class of weighted graphs with a magnetic potential. The first preorder is expressed through the existence of a graph homomorphism respecting the magnetic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-11 John Stewart Fabila-Carrasco , Fernando Lledó , Olaf Post

We study the behavior of algebraic connectivity in a weighted graph that is subject to site percolation, random deletion of the vertices. Using a refined concentration inequality for random matrices we show in our main theorem that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-01-03 Sohail Bahmani , Justin Romberg , Prasad Tetali

This article considers the class of connected 3-colored digraphs. Let $G$ be a 3-colored digraph and $A(G)$ be its adjacency matrix. $G$ is said to be non-singular (resp. singular) if $A(G)$ is a non-singular (resp. singular) matrix. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Md Isheteyak Zaffer

Consider the matrix $A_{\mathcal{G}}$ chosen uniformly at random from the finite set of all $N$-dimensional matrices of zero main-diagonal and binary entries, having each row and column of $A_{\mathcal{G}}$ sum to $d$. That is, the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-07-31 Arka Adhikari , Amir Dembo

Within a random-matrix-theory approach, we use the nearest-neighbor energy level spacing distribution $P(s)$ and the entropic eigenfunction localization length $\ell$ to study spectral and eigenfunction properties (of adjacency matrices) of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-08-14 L. Alonso , J. A. Mendez-Bermudez , A. Gonzalez-Melendrez , Yamir Moreno

We establish explicit operator norm bounds and essential self-adjointness criteria for discrete Hodge Laplacians on weighted graphs and simplicial complexes. For unweighted $d$-regular graphs we prove the universal estimate…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-22 Marwa Ennaceur , Amel Jadlaoui

Matching articulated shapes represented by voxel-sets reduces to maximal sub-graph isomorphism when each set is described by a weighted graph. Spectral graph theory can be used to map these graphs onto lower dimensional spaces and match…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Diana Mateus , Radu Horaud , David Knossow , Fabio Cuzzolin , Edmond Boyer

The $d$-dimensional algebraic connectivity $a_d(G)$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$, introduced by Jord\'an and Tanigawa, is a quantitative measure of the $d$-dimensional rigidity of $G$ that is defined in terms of the eigenvalues of stiffness…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-05-12 Alan Lew , Eran Nevo , Yuval Peled , Orit E. Raz

Threshold graphs are generated from one node by repeatedly adding a node that links to all existing nodes or adding a node without links. In the weighted threshold graph, we add a new node in step $i$, which is linked to all existing nodes…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Yingyue Ke , Willem H. Haemers , Piet Van Mieghem

Let $G$ be a connected graph on $n$ vertices with diameter $d$. It is known that if $2\le d\le n-2$, there are at most $n-d$ Laplacian eigenvalues in the interval $[n-d+2, n]$. In this paper, we show that if $1\le d\le n-3$, there are at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-27 Leyou Xu , Bo Zhou

This is a tutorial and survey paper for nonlinear dimensionality and feature extraction methods which are based on the Laplacian of graph of data. We first introduce adjacency matrix, definition of Laplacian matrix, and the interpretation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-08-09 Benyamin Ghojogh , Ali Ghodsi , Fakhri Karray , Mark Crowley

A cograph is a simple graph which contains no path on 4 vertices as an induced subgraph. We consider the eigenvalues of adjacency matrices of cographs and prove that a graph $G$ is a cograph if and only if no induced subgraph of $G$ has an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-10-01 Ebrahim Ghorbani

In an attempt to characterize the structure of eigenvectors of random regular graphs, we investigate the correlations between the components of the eigenvectors associated to different vertices. In addition, we provide numerical…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yehonatan Elon

Typically, graph structures are represented by one of three different matrices: the adjacency matrix, the unnormalised and the normalised graph Laplacian matrices. The spectral (eigenvalue) properties of these different matrices are…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-27 J. F. Lutzeyer , A. T. Walden

In this paper we study the complementarity spectrum of digraphs, with special attention to the problem of digraph characterization through this complementarity spectrum. That is, whether two non-isomorphic digraphs with the same number of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-10-11 Diego Bravo , Florencia Cubría , Marcelo Fiori , Vilmar Trevisan

We study some spectral properties of a matrix that is constructed as a combination of a Laplacian and an adjacency matrix of simple graphs. The matrix considered depends on a positive parameter, as such we consider the implications in…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-08-02 Riccardo Bonetto , Hildeberto Jardón Kojakhmetov