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Contextuality is a defining feature that separates the quantum from the classical descriptions of physical systems. Within the marginal-scenario framework, noncontextual models are characterized by the existence of a single joint…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-08 Andrea Navoni , Marco G. Genoni , Andrea Smirne

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are flexible tools for clustering dependent data coming from unknown populations, allowing nonparametric modelling of the population densities. Identifiability fails when the data is in fact independent and…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Kweku Abraham , Elisabeth Gassiat , Zacharie Naulet

No-Signalling is a fundamental constraint on the probabilistic predictions made by physical theories. It is usually justified in terms of the constraints imposed by special relativity. However, this justification is not as clear-cut as is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-31 Samson Abramsky , Adam Brandenburger , Andrei Savochkin

We propose a new description of dynamics of autonomous mechanical systems which includes the momentum-velocity relation. This description is formulated as a variational principle of virtual action more complete than the Hamilton Principle.…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Wlodzimierz M. Tulczyjew

The pseudomode framework provides an exact description of the dynamics of an open quantum system coupled to a non-Markovian environment. Using this framework, the influence of the environment on the system is studied in an equivalent model,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-12 Paul Menczel , Ken Funo , Mauro Cirio , Neill Lambert , Franco Nori

Relevance-based explanation is a scheme in which partial assignments to Bayesian belief network variables are explanations (abductive conclusions). We allow variables to remain unassigned in explanations as long as they are irrelevant to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Solomon Eyal Shimony

Contextuality means non-existence of a joint distribution for random variables recorded under mutually incompatible conditions, subject to certain constraints imposed on how the identity of these variables may change across these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-02-06 Ehtibar N. Dzhafarov , Janne V. Kujala

Modern datasets are becoming heterogeneous. To this end, we present in this paper Mixed-Variate Restricted Boltzmann Machines for simultaneously modelling variables of multiple types and modalities, including binary and continuous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-08-07 Truyen Tran , Dinh Phung , Svetha Venkatesh

Contextuality, a key resource for quantum advantage, describes systems in which the outcome of a measurement is not independent of other compatible measurements, in contrast to classical hidden-variable descriptions. We investigate the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-08 Caroline Lima , María Rosa Preciado-Rivas , Sanchit Srivastava

All biological systems are subject to perturbations: due to thermal fluctuations, external environments, or mutations. Yet, while biological systems are composed of thousands of interacting components, recent high-throughput experiments…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-12-19 Christopher Joel Russo , Kabir Husain , Arvind Murugan

A recent proposal for a superdeterministic account of quantum mechanics, named Invariant-set theory, appears to bring ideas from several diverse fields like chaos theory, number theory and dynamical systems to quantum foundations. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-11 Indrajit Sen

Stochastic volatility models are the backbone of financial engineering. We study both continuous time diffusions as well as discrete time models. We propose two novel approaches to estimating stochastic volatility diffusions, one using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-30 Eric Ghysels , Jack Morgan , Hamed Mohammadbagherpoor

We introduce a framework to describe probabilistic models in Bell experiments, and more generally in contextuality scenarios. Such a scenario is a hypergraph whose vertices represent elementary events and hyperedges correspond to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-31 Tobias Fritz , Anthony Leverrier , Ana Belén Sainz

This article presents general procedures for constructing, estimating, and testing Hilbert space multi-dimensional (HSM) models, which are based on quantum probability theory. HSM models can be applied to collections of K different…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-18 Jerome R. Busemeyer , Zheng Wang

Hidden-variable (HV) theories allege that a quantum state describes an ensemble of systems distinguished by the values of hidden variables. No-go theorems assert that HV theories cannot match the predictions of quantum theory. The present…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-25 Andreas Blass , Yuri Gurevich

A common assumption in causal inference from observational data is that there is no hidden confounding. Yet it is, in general, impossible to verify this assumption from a single dataset. Under the assumption of independent causal mechanisms…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-07 Rickard K. A. Karlsson , Jesse H. Krijthe

We present a complete reasoning principle for contextual equivalence in an untyped probabilistic language. The language includes continuous (real-valued) random variables, conditionals, and scoring. It also includes recursion, since the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Mitchell Wand , Ryan Culpepper , Theophilos Giannakopoulos , Andrew Cobb

Generalized noncontextuality is a well-studied notion of classicality that is applicable to a single system, as opposed to Bell locality. It relies on representing operationally indistinguishable procedures identically in an ontological…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-13 Victor Gitton , Mischa P. Woods

We discuss quantum non-locality and contextuality using the notion of transition sets. This approach provides a way to obtain a direct logical contradiction with locality/non-contextuality in the EPRB gedanken experiment as well as a clear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-11-19 Hans Westman

One implication of Bell's theorem is that there cannot in general be hidden variable models for quantum mechanics that both are noncontextual and retain the structure of a classical probability space. Thus, some hidden variable programs aim…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-01 Benjamin H. Feintzeig , Samuel C. Fletcher