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Modern multilingual models are trained on concatenated text from multiple languages in hopes of conferring benefits to each (positive transfer), with the most pronounced benefits accruing to low-resource languages. However, recent work has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Zirui Wang , Zachary C. Lipton , Yulia Tsvetkov

Multilingual Machine Translation promises to improve translation quality between non-English languages. This is advantageous for several reasons, namely lower latency (no need to translate twice), and reduced error cascades (e.g., avoiding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Telmo Pessoa Pires , Robin M. Schmidt , Yi-Hsiu Liao , Stephan Peitz

While preliminary findings indicate that multilingual LLMs exhibit reduced bias compared to monolingual ones, a comprehensive understanding of the effect of multilingual training on bias mitigation, is lacking. This study addresses this gap…

Unlike major Western languages, most African languages are very low-resourced. Furthermore, the resources that do exist are often scattered and difficult to obtain and discover. As a result, the data and code for existing research has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-26 Laura Martinus , Jade Z. Abbott

Previous works on the fairness of toxic language classifiers compare the output of models with different identity terms as input features but do not consider the impact of other important concepts present in the context. Here, besides…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Isar Nejadgholi , Esma Balkır , Kathleen C. Fraser , Svetlana Kiritchenko

Typical methods for evaluating the performance of language models evaluate their ability to answer questions accurately. These evaluation metrics are acceptable for determining the extent to which language models can understand and reason…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Andrew Gambardella , Takeshi Kojima , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo

While the impact of social biases in language models has been recognized, prior methods for bias evaluation have been limited to binary association tests on small datasets, limiting our understanding of bias complexities. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Marta Marchiori Manerba , Karolina Stańczak , Riccardo Guidotti , Isabelle Augenstein

Extending pre-trained text Large Language Models (LLMs)'s speech understanding or generation abilities by introducing various effective speech tokens has attracted great attention in the speech community. However, building a unified speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yuanyuan Wang , Dongchao Yang , Yiwen Shao , Hangting Chen , Jiankun Zhao , Zhiyong Wu , Helen Meng , Xixin Wu

This paper investigates token homogenization - the convergence of token representations toward uniformity across transformer layers and its relationship to positional bias in large language models. We empirically examine whether…

Tokenization is fundamental in assembly code analysis, impacting intrinsic characteristics like vocabulary size, semantic coverage, and extrinsic performance in downstream tasks. Despite its significance, tokenization in the context of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Ahmed Mostafa , Raisul Arefin Nahid , Samuel Mulder

Finetuning pre-trained language models with small amounts of data is a commonly-used method to create translators for ultra-low resource languages such as endangered Indigenous languages. However, previous works have reported substantially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Isabel Gonçalves , Paulo Cavalin , Claudio Pinhanez

The extent to which individual language characteristics influence tokenization and language modeling is an open question. Differences in morphological systems have been suggested as both unimportant and crucial to consider (Cotterell et…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Wessel Poelman , Thomas Bauwens , Miryam de Lhoneux

Double-blind peer review mechanism has become the skeleton of academic research across multiple disciplines including computer science, yet several studies have questioned the quality of peer reviews and raised concerns on potential biases…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-11-14 Jiayao Zhang , Hongming Zhang , Zhun Deng , Dan Roth

Multilingualism is incredibly common around the world, leading to many important theoretical and practical questions about how children learn multiple languages at once. For example, does multilingual acquisition lead to delays in learning?…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Linda Zeng , Steven Y. Feng , Michael C. Frank

As opposed to general English, many concepts in biomedical terminology have been designed in recent history by biomedical professionals with the goal of being precise and concise. This is often achieved by concatenating meaningful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Choosing an appropriate tokenization scheme is often a bottleneck in low-resource cross-lingual transfer. To understand the downstream implications of text representation choices, we perform a comparative analysis on language models having…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Md Mushfiqur Rahman , Fardin Ahsan Sakib , Fahim Faisal , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Despite major advances in multilingual modeling, large quality disparities persist across languages. Besides the obvious impact of uneven training resources, typological properties have also been proposed to determine the intrinsic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Vitalii Hirak , Jaap Jumelet , Arianna Bisazza

We highlight an important frontier in algorithmic fairness: disparity in the quality of natural language processing algorithms when applied to language from authors of different social groups. For example, current systems sometimes analyze…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-07-04 Su Lin Blodgett , Brendan O'Connor

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in language understanding and generation. Nonetheless, it was also witnessed that LLMs tend to produce inaccurate responses to specific queries. This deficiency can be traced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Dixuan Wang , Yanda Li , Junyuan Jiang , Zepeng Ding , Ziqin Luo , Guochao Jiang , Jiaqing Liang , Deqing Yang

We consider a multi-user semantic communications system in which agents (transmitters and receivers) interact through the exchange of semantic messages to convey meanings. In this context, languages are instrumental in structuring the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Mohamed Sana , Emilio Calvanese Strinati