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Masked language modeling (MLM), a self-supervised pretraining objective, is widely used in natural language processing for learning text representations. MLM trains a model to predict a random sample of input tokens that have been replaced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Atsuki Yamaguchi , George Chrysostomou , Katerina Margatina , Nikolaos Aletras

Masked language modeling has become a standard pretraining objective for training encoder-based language models. In this approach, certain tokens in the input are masked, and the model learns to predict them using the surrounding context.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gokul Srinivasagan , Kai Hartung , Munir Georges

Recently, pre-trained language models mostly follow the pre-train-then-fine-tuning paradigm and have achieved great performance on various downstream tasks. However, since the pre-training stage is typically task-agnostic and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Yuxian Gu , Zhengyan Zhang , Xiaozhi Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Masked Language Modeling (MLM) is widely used to pretrain language models. The standard random masking strategy in MLM causes the pre-trained language models (PLMs) to be biased toward high-frequency tokens. Representation learning of rare…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Linhan Zhang , Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Chong Deng , Xin Cao , Kongzhang Hao , Yuxin Jiang , Wei Wang

Recent advances in pre-trained language modeling have facilitated significant progress across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Word masking during model training constitutes a pivotal component of language modeling in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Anas Belfathi , Ygor Gallina , Nicolas Hernandez , Richard Dufour , Laura Monceaux

Self-supervised learning, a.k.a., pretraining, is important in natural language processing. Most of the pretraining methods first randomly mask some positions in a sentence and then train a model to recover the tokens at the masked…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Liang Chen

We introduce Learning to Self-Evolve (LSE), a reinforcement learning framework that trains large language models (LLMs) to improve their own contexts at test time. We situate LSE in the setting of test-time self-evolution, where a model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Xiaoyin Chen , Canwen Xu , Yite Wang , Boyi Liu , Zhewei Yao , Yuxiong He

Pre-training a language model and then fine-tuning it for downstream tasks has demonstrated state-of-the-art results for various NLP tasks. Pre-training is usually independent of the downstream task, and previous works have shown that this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Tanish Lad , Himanshu Maheshwari , Shreyas Kottukkal , Radhika Mamidi

Masked language models (MLMs) such as BERT and RoBERTa have revolutionized the field of Natural Language Understanding in the past few years. However, existing pre-trained MLMs often output an anisotropic distribution of token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Yixuan Su , Fangyu Liu , Zaiqiao Meng , Tian Lan , Lei Shu , Ehsan Shareghi , Nigel Collier

Token dropping is a recently-proposed strategy to speed up the pretraining of masked language models, such as BERT, by skipping the computation of a subset of the input tokens at several middle layers. It can effectively reduce the training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Juhua Liu , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Text classification tasks often encounter few shot scenarios with limited labeled data, and addressing data scarcity is crucial. Data augmentation with mixup has shown to be effective on various text classification tasks. However, most of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Haoqi Zheng , Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Zhiliang Tian , Xin Niu , Dongsheng Li , Dacheng Tao

Pre-trained masked language models have demonstrated remarkable ability as few-shot learners. In this paper, as an alternative, we propose a novel approach to few-shot learning with pre-trained token-replaced detection models like ELECTRA.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Zicheng Li , Shoushan Li , Guodong Zhou

Recent advancements in Deep Neural Network (DNN) models have significantly improved performance across computer vision tasks. However, achieving highly generalizable and high-performing vision models requires expansive datasets, resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Minhyun Lee , Song Park , Byeongho Heo , Dongyoon Han , Hyunjung Shim

Understanding protein sequences is vital and urgent for biology, healthcare, and medicine. Labeling approaches are expensive yet time-consuming, while the amount of unlabeled data is increasing quite faster than that of the labeled data due…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Liang He , Shizhuo Zhang , Lijun Wu , Huanhuan Xia , Fusong Ju , He Zhang , Siyuan Liu , Yingce Xia , Jianwei Zhu , Pan Deng , Bin Shao , Tao Qin , Tie-Yan Liu

Pre-trained models are widely used in the tasks of natural language processing nowadays. However, in the specific field of text simplification, the research on improving pre-trained models is still blank. In this work, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Renliang Sun , Xiaojun Wan

Masked language modeling (MLM) pre-training methods such as BERT corrupt the input by replacing some tokens with [MASK] and then train a model to reconstruct the original tokens. While they produce good results when transferred to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Kevin Clark , Minh-Thang Luong , Quoc V. Le , Christopher D. Manning

Emotion recognition is a challenging task due to limited availability of in-the-wild labeled datasets. Self-supervised learning has shown improvements on tasks with limited labeled datasets in domains like speech and natural language.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-08 Aparna Khare , Srinivas Parthasarathy , Shiva Sundaram

Self-supervised learning has emerged as a powerful approach for leveraging large-scale unlabeled data to improve model performance in various domains. In this paper, we explore masked self-supervised pre-training for text recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Martin Kišš , Michal Hradiš

In the current work, we connect token-level uncertainty in causal language modeling to two types of training objectives: 1) masked maximum likelihood (MLE), 2) self-distillation. We show that masked MLE is effective in reducing epistemic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Tingkai Liu , Ari S. Benjamin , Anthony M. Zador

This paper proposes a novel self-supervised learning method for semantic segmentation using selective masking image reconstruction as the pretraining task. Our proposed method replaces the random masking augmentation used in most masked…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yuemin Wang , Ian Stavness
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