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In Vision Language Models (VLMs), vision tokens are quantity-heavy yet information-dispersed compared with language tokens, thus consume too much unnecessary computation. Pruning redundant vision tokens for high VLM inference efficiency has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guangyuan Li , Rongzhen Zhao , Jinhong Deng , Yanbo Wang , Joni Pajarinen

Attention mechanisms are central to the success of large language models (LLMs), enabling them to capture intricate token dependencies and implicitly assign importance to each token. Recent studies have revealed the sink token, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Seungjun Shin , Jaehoon Oh , Dokwan Oh

Despite achieving remarkable performance on various vision-language tasks, Transformer-based Vision-Language Models (VLMs) suffer from redundancy in inputs and parameters, significantly hampering their efficiency in real-world applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Zekun Wang , Jingchang Chen , Wangchunshu Zhou , Haichao Zhu , Jiafeng Liang , Liping Shan , Ming Liu , Dongliang Xu , Qing Yang , Bing Qin

Recent large language models have shown promising capabilities in long-form reasoning, following structured chains of thought before arriving at a final answer. However, we observe that these reasoning paths tend to include substantial…

We introduce token-consistent stochastic layers in vision transformers, without causing any severe drop in performance. The added stochasticity improves network calibration, robustness and strengthens privacy. We use linear layers with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Nikola Popovic , Danda Pani Paudel , Thomas Probst , Luc Van Gool

Although Transformers have successfully transitioned from their language modelling origins to image-based applications, their quadratic computational complexity remains a challenge, particularly for dense prediction. In this paper we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Yutong Xie , Jianpeng Zhang , Yong Xia , Anton van den Hengel , Qi Wu

Vision transformers have emerged as a powerful tool across a wide range of applications, yet their inner workings remain only partially understood. In this work, we examine the phenomenon of massive tokens - tokens with exceptionally high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Andrew Lu , Wentinn Liao , Liuhui Wang , Huzheng Yang , Jianbo Shi

Parameter-efficient tuning aims at updating only a small subset of parameters when adapting a pretrained model to downstream tasks. In this work, we introduce PASTA, in which we only modify the special token representations (e.g., [SEP] and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Xiaocong Yang , James Y. Huang , Wenxuan Zhou , Muhao Chen

State Space Models (SSMs) have the advantage of keeping linear computational complexity compared to attention modules in transformers, and have been applied to vision tasks as a new type of powerful vision foundation model. Inspired by the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-30 Zheng Zhan , Zhenglun Kong , Yifan Gong , Yushu Wu , Zichong Meng , Hangyu Zheng , Xuan Shen , Stratis Ioannidis , Wei Niu , Pu Zhao , Yanzhi Wang

Almost all the state-of-the-art neural networks for computer vision tasks are trained by (1) pre-training on a large-scale dataset and (2) finetuning on the target dataset. This strategy helps reduce dependence on the target dataset and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Shuvam Chakraborty , Burak Uzkent , Kumar Ayush , Kumar Tanmay , Evan Sheehan , Stefano Ermon

Vision transformers (ViT) usually extract features via forwarding all the tokens in the self-attention layers from top to toe. In this paper, we introduce dynamic token-pass vision transformers (DoViT) for semantic segmentation, which can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-25 Yuang Liu , Qiang Zhou , Jing Wang , Fan Wang , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Transformer-based deep learning models have achieved state-of-the-art performance across numerous language and vision tasks. While the self-attention mechanism, a core component of transformers, has proven capable of handling complex data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Laziz Abdullaev , Tan M. Nguyen

Vision transformers have achieved great successes in many computer vision tasks. Most methods generate vision tokens by splitting an image into a regular and fixed grid and treating each cell as a token. However, not all regions are equally…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Wang Zeng , Sheng Jin , Wentao Liu , Chen Qian , Ping Luo , Wanli Ouyang , Xiaogang Wang

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have dominated computer vision for years, due to its ability in capturing locality and translation invariance. Recently, many vision transformer architectures have been proposed and they show promising…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Pichao Wang , Xue Wang , Fan Wang , Ming Lin , Shuning Chang , Hao Li , Rong Jin

Vision Transformers (ViTs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various computer vision tasks, but their high computational cost remains a challenge. Token pruning has been proposed to reduce this cost by selectively removing…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Taehan Lee , Hyukjun Lee

Transformer architecture has become ubiquitous in the natural language processing field. To interpret the Transformer-based models, their attention patterns have been extensively analyzed. However, the Transformer architecture is not only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Goro Kobayashi , Tatsuki Kuribayashi , Sho Yokoi , Kentaro Inui

Vision transformers are known to be more computationally and data-intensive than CNN models. These transformer models such as ViT, require all the input image tokens to learn the relationship among them. However, many of these tokens are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Foozhan Ataiefard , Walid Ahmed , Habib Hajimolahoseini , Saina Asani , Farnoosh Javadi , Mohammad Hassanpour , Omar Mohamed Awad , Austin Wen , Kangling Liu , Yang Liu

Vision-Language Models suffer severe KV cache pressure at inference, as a single image often encodes into thousands of tokens. Most existing methods exploit token sparsity through token pruning, but permanently discarding visual content…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Beomseok Kang , Dongwon Jo , Jiwon Song , Donghwee Son , Jae-Joon Kim

Vision Transformer has demonstrated impressive success across various vision tasks. However, its heavy computation cost, which grows quadratically with respect to the token sequence length, largely limits its power in handling large feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Sucheng Ren , Xingyi Yang , Songhua Liu , Xinchao Wang

Spiking transformers have shown strong potential for neuromorphic vision, yet their token processing across multiple spiking steps still introduces substantial redundancy and inference cost. Existing token reduction methods mainly rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Wenxuan Liu , Zecheng Hao , Tong Bu , Yuran Wang , Zhaofei Yu
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