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Machine Reading Comprehension with Unanswerable Questions is a difficult NLP task, challenged by the questions which can not be answered from passages. It is observed that subtle literal changes often make an answerable question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Yunjie Ji , Liangyu Chen , Chenxiao Dou , Baochang Ma , Xiangang Li

Models for reading comprehension (RC) commonly restrict their output space to the set of all single contiguous spans from the input, in order to alleviate the learning problem and avoid the need for a model that generates text explicitly.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Elad Segal , Avia Efrat , Mor Shoham , Amir Globerson , Jonathan Berant

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a long-standing topic in natural language processing (NLP). The MRC task aims to answer a question based on the given context. Recently studies focus on multi-hop MRC which is a more challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Azade Mohammadi , Reza Ramezani , Ahmad Baraani

In recent years, huge amounts of unstructured textual data on the Internet are a big difficulty for AI algorithms to provide the best recommendations for users and their search queries. Since the Internet became widespread, a lot of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Marko Mihajlovic , Ning Xiong

Understanding open-domain text is one of the primary challenges in natural language processing (NLP). Machine comprehension benchmarks evaluate the system's ability to understand text based on the text content only. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-02-16 Wenpeng Yin , Sebastian Ebert , Hinrich Schütze

Despite recent work in Reading Comprehension (RC), progress has been mostly limited to English due to the lack of large-scale datasets in other languages. In this work, we introduce the first RC system for languages without RC training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-06 Akari Asai , Akiko Eriguchi , Kazuma Hashimoto , Yoshimasa Tsuruoka

Multi-choice Machine Reading Comprehension (MMRC) aims to select the correct answer from a set of options based on a given passage and question. The existing methods employ the pre-trained language model as the encoder, share and transfer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Chenhao Cui , Yufan Jiang , Shuangzhi Wu , Zhoujun Li

We present XCMRC, the first public cross-lingual language understanding (XLU) benchmark which aims to test machines on their cross-lingual reading comprehension ability. To be specific, XCMRC is a Cross-lingual Cloze-style Machine Reading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-16 Pengyuan Liu , Yuning Deng , Chenghao Zhu , Han Hu

Fully comprehending scientific papers by machines reflects a high level of Artificial General Intelligence, requiring the ability to reason across fragmented and heterogeneous sources of information, presenting a complex and practically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yang Tian , Zheng Lu , Mingqi Gao , Zheng Liu , Bo Zhao

Machine reading comprehension is a heavily-studied research and test field for evaluating new pre-trained language models (PrLMs) and fine-tuning strategies, and recent studies have enriched the pre-trained language models with syntactic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Baorong Huang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Defining similarity measures is a requirement for some machine learning methods. One such method is case-based reasoning (CBR) where the similarity measure is used to retrieve the stored case or set of cases most similar to the query case.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Bjørn Magnus Mathisen , Agnar Aamodt , Kerstin Bach , Helge Langseth

In this paper, we investigate how language models can perform case-based reasoning (CBR) on non-factorized case bases. We introduce a novel framework, argumentative agentic models for case-based reasoning (AAM-CBR), which extends abstract…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Wachara Fungwacharakorn , May Myo Zin , Ha-Thanh Nguyen , Yuntao Kong , Ken Satoh

Understanding unstructured text is a major goal within natural language processing. Comprehension tests pose questions based on short text passages to evaluate such understanding. In this work, we investigate machine comprehension on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-30 Adam Trischler , Zheng Ye , Xingdi Yuan , Jing He , Phillip Bachman , Kaheer Suleman

Extractive QA models have shown very promising performance in predicting the correct answer to a question for a given passage. However, they sometimes result in predicting the correct answer text but in a context irrelevant to the given…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Yeon Seonwoo , Ji-Hoon Kim , Jung-Woo Ha , Alice Oh

Rapid progress has been made in the field of reading comprehension and question answering, where several systems have achieved human parity in some simplified settings. However, the performance of these models degrades significantly when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Minghao Hu , Yuxing Peng , Zhen Huang , Dongsheng Li

Neural retrieval models (NRMs) have been shown to outperform their statistical counterparts owing to their ability to capture semantic meaning via dense document representations. These models, however, suffer from poor interpretability as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Michael Llordes , Debasis Ganguly , Sumit Bhatia , Chirag Agarwal

We present a novel neural architecture for answering queries, designed to optimally leverage explicit support in the form of query-answer memories. Our model is able to refine and update a given query while separately accumulating evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-09-28 Dirk Weissenborn

Cross-lingual Machine Reading Comprehension (xMRC) is challenging due to the lack of training data in low-resource languages. The recent approaches use training data only in a resource-rich language like English to fine-tune large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Nuo Chen , Linjun Shou , Min Gong , Jian Pei , Daxin Jiang

Machine learning is a vital part of many real-world systems, but several concerns remain about the lack of interpretability, explainability and robustness of black-box AI systems. Concept Bottleneck Models (CBM) address some of these…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-24 Hidde Fokkema , Tim van Erven , Sara Magliacane

Machine reading comprehension (MRC) is a sub-field in natural language processing that aims to assist computers understand unstructured texts and then answer questions related to them. In practice, the conversation is an essential way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Son T. Luu , Mao Nguyen Bui , Loi Duc Nguyen , Khiem Vinh Tran , Kiet Van Nguyen , Ngan Luu-Thuy Nguyen