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In this paper we argue that (lexical) meaning in science can be represented in a 13 dimension Meaning Space. This space is constructed using principal component analysis (singular decomposition) on the matrix of word category relative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Neslihan Suzen , Alexander Gorban , Jeremy Levesley , Evgeny Mirkes

Establishing a low-dimensional representation of the data leads to efficient data learning strategies. In many cases, the reduced dimension needs to be explicitly stated and estimated from the data. We explore the estimation of dimension in…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-02-10 Wei Q. Deng , Radu V. Craiu

We consider the problem of learning a linear factor model. We propose a regularized form of principal component analysis (PCA) and demonstrate through experiments with synthetic and real data the superiority of resulting estimates to those…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-31 Yi-Hao Kao , Benjamin Van Roy

A broad class of systems, including ecological, epidemiological, and sociological ones, are characterized by populations of individuals assigned to specific categories, e.g., a chemical species, an opinion or an epidemic state, that are…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-17 Giorgio Vittorio Visco , Johannes Nauta , Tomas Scagliarini , Oriol Artime , Manlio De Domenico

Principal component analysis is a useful dimension reduction and data visualization method. However, in high dimension, low sample size asymptotic contexts, where the sample size is fixed and the dimension goes to infinity,a paradox has…

Applications · Statistics 2012-11-21 Dan Shen , Haipeng Shen , Hongtu Zhu , J. S. Marron

Dimensionality reduction is a classical technique widely used for data analysis. One foundational instantiation is Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which minimizes the average reconstruction error. In this paper, we introduce the…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Uthaipon Tantipongpipat , Samira Samadi , Mohit Singh , Jamie Morgenstern , Santosh Vempala

We develop a dimension reduction framework for data consisting of matrices of counts. Our model is based on assuming the existence of a small amount of independent normal latent variables that drive the dependency structure of the observed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-10-28 Joni Virta , Andreas Artemiou

Principal component analysis (PCA) is perhaps the most widely used method for data dimensionality reduction. A key question in PCA is deciding how many factors to retain. This manuscript describes a new approach to automatically selecting…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-10 Enes Makalic , Daniel F. Schmidt

Estimating intrinsic dimensionality of data is a classic problem in pattern recognition and statistics. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a powerful tool in discovering dimensionality of data sets with a linear structure; it, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2010-02-11 Mingyu Fan , Nannan Gu , Hong Qiao , Bo Zhang

Often the relation between the variables constituting a multivariate data space might be characterized by one or more of the terms: ``nonlinear'', ``branched'', ``disconnected'', ``bended'', ``curved'', ``heterogeneous'', or, more general,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-09-12 Jochen Einbeck , Ludger Evers , Coryn Bailer-Jones

Suppose the data consist of a set $S$ of points $x_j$, $1\leq j \leq J$, distributed in a bounded domain $D\subset R^N$, where $N$ is a large number. An algorithm is given for finding the sets $L_k$ of dimension $k\ll N$, $k=1,2,...K$, in a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2009-02-26 A. G. Ramm

Principal component analysis (PCA), the most popular dimension-reduction technique, has been used to analyze high-dimensional data in many areas. It discovers the homogeneity within the data and creates a reduced feature space to capture as…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-24 Daning Bi , Le Chang , Yanrong Yang

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a well known procedure to reduce intrinsic complexity of a dataset, essentially through simplifying the covariance structure or the correlation structure. We introduce a novel algebraic, model-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-09 Martin Schlather , Felix Reinbott

We study semiparametric factor models in high-dimensional panels where the factor loadings consist of a nonparametric component explained by observed covariates and an idiosyncratic component capturing unobserved heterogeneity. A key…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-12-09 Sijie Zheng

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a fundamental data preprocessing tool in the world of machine learning. While PCA is often thought of as a dimensionality reduction method, the purpose of PCA is actually two-fold: dimension reduction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Arpita Gang , Waheed U. Bajwa

Principal component analysis is a versatile tool to reduce dimensionality which has wide applications in statistics and machine learning. It is particularly useful for modeling data in high-dimensional scenarios where the number of…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-08-18 Xiaoyu Hu , Fang Yao

Traditional principal component analysis (PCA) is well known in high-dimensional data analysis, but it requires to express data by a matrix with observations to be continuous. To overcome the limitations, a new method called flexible PCA…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-17 Tonglin Zhang , Baijian Yang , Qianqian Song , Jing Su

Principal component analysis (PCA) is one of the most popular dimension reduction techniques in statistics and is especially powerful when a multivariate distribution is concentrated near a lower-dimensional subspace. Multivariate extreme…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-15 Felix Reinbott , Anja Janßen

In this paper, we apply the Logistic PCA (LPCA) as a dimensionality reduction tool for visualizing patterns and characterizing the relevance of mathematics abilities from a given population measured by a large-scale assessment. We establish…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-02 Esdras Medeiros , Jorge Lira , Romildo Silva , Caio Azevedo

Big data applications, such as medical imaging and genetics, typically generate datasets that consist of few observations n on many more variables p, a scenario that we denote as p>>n. Traditional data processing methods are often…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2016-05-18 Magnus O. Ulfarsson , Frosti Palsson , Jakob Sigurdsson , Johannes R. Sveinsson
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