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While neural machine translation (NMT) has become the new paradigm, the parameter optimization requires large-scale parallel data which is scarce in many domains and language pairs. In this paper, we address a new translation scenario in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-11-06 Yining Wang , Yang Zhao , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong , Zhengshan Xue

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), trained primarily on English-centric data, frequently generate culturally inappropriate or misaligned responses in cross-cultural settings. To mitigate this, we introduce the task of cross-cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Zhen Zeng , Leijiang Gu , Feng Li , Jing Yu , Zenglin Shi

Large language models (LLMs) show promise in offering emotional support and generating empathetic responses for individuals in distress, but their ability to deliver culturally sensitive support remains underexplored due to a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chen Cecilia Liu , Hiba Arnaout , Nils Kovačić , Dana Atzil-Slonim , Iryna Gurevych

The breakthrough of generative large language models (LLMs) that can solve different tasks through chat interaction has led to a significant increase in the use of general benchmarks to assess the quality or performance of these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Fabio Barth , Georg Rehm

The fine-tuning of open-source large language models (LLMs) for machine translation has recently received considerable attention, marking a shift towards data-centric research from traditional neural machine translation. However, the area…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yongjing Yin , Jiali Zeng , Yafu Li , Fandong Meng , Yue Zhang

Improving the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to the cultural values that they encode has become an increasingly important topic. In this work, we study whether we can exploit existing knowledge about cultural values…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

Machine translation (MT) is a technique that leverages computers to translate human languages automatically. Nowadays, neural machine translation (NMT) which models direct mapping between source and target languages with deep neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

As machine translation (MT) metrics improve their correlation with human judgement every year, it is crucial to understand the limitations of such metrics at the segment level. Specifically, it is important to investigate metric behaviour…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Chantal Amrhein , Nikita Moghe , Liane Guillou

Translating knowledge-intensive and entity-rich text between English and Korean requires transcreation to preserve language-specific and cultural nuances beyond literal, phonetic or word-for-word conversion. We evaluate 13 models (LLMs and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Daniel Lee , Harsh Sharma , Jieun Han , Sunny Jeong , Alice Oh , Vered Shwartz

Recently, neural machine translation (NMT) has been extended to multilinguality, that is to handle more than one translation direction with a single system. Multilingual NMT showed competitive performance against pure bilingual systems.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Surafel M. Lakew , Mauro Cettolo , Marcello Federico

While recent advances in deep learning led to significant improvements in machine translation, neural machine translation is often still not able to continuously adapt to the environment. For humans, as well as for machine translation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-15 Jan Niehues

Simultaneous translation involves translating a sentence before the speaker's utterance is completed in order to realize real-time understanding in multiple languages. This task is significantly more challenging than the general full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Aizhan Imankulova , Masahiro Kaneko , Tosho Hirasawa , Mamoru Komachi

When the complete source sentence is provided, Large Language Models (LLMs) perform excellently in offline machine translation even with a simple prompt "Translate the following sentence from [src lang] into [tgt lang]:". However, in many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Biao Fu , Minpeng Liao , Kai Fan , Chengxi Li , Liang Zhang , Yidong Chen , Xiaodong Shi

Simultaneous machine translation (SimulMT) presents a challenging trade-off between translation quality and latency. Recent studies have shown that LLMs can achieve good performance in SimulMT tasks. However, this often comes at the expense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Minghan Wang , Thuy-Trang Vu , Yuxia Wang , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari

We present a survey on multilingual neural machine translation (MNMT), which has gained a lot of traction in the recent years. MNMT has been useful in improving translation quality as a result of knowledge transfer. MNMT is more promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-08 Raj Dabre , Chenhui Chu , Anoop Kunchukuttan

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they often exhibit a specific cultural biases, neglecting the values and linguistic diversity of low-resource regions. This cultural bias not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ruixiang Feng , Shen Gao , Xiuying Chen , Lisi Chen , Shuo Shang

There has been a growing interest in developing multimodal machine translation (MMT) systems that enhance neural machine translation (NMT) with visual knowledge. This problem setup involves using images as auxiliary information during…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Devaansh Gupta , Siddhant Kharbanda , Jiawei Zhou , Wanhua Li , Hanspeter Pfister , Donglai Wei

In this work, we survey the way in which classification is used as a sensemaking practice in cultural analytics, and assess where large language models can fit into this landscape. We identify ten tasks supported by publicly available…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 David Bamman , Kent K. Chang , Li Lucy , Naitian Zhou

Code-switching (CS) poses a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), yet its comprehensibility remains underexplored in LLMs. We introduce CS-Sum, to evaluate the comprehensibility of CS by the LLMs through CS dialogue to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Sathya Krishnan Suresh , Tanmay Surana , Lim Zhi Hao , Eng Siong Chng

Resolving semantic ambiguity has long been recognised as a central challenge in the field of Machine Translation. Recent work on benchmarking translation performance on ambiguous sentences has exposed the limitations of conventional Neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Vivek Iyer , Pinzhen Chen , Alexandra Birch