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Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation across various domains, including medicine. We present a comprehensive evaluation of GPT-4, a state-of-the-art LLM, on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Harsha Nori , Nicholas King , Scott Mayer McKinney , Dean Carignan , Eric Horvitz

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) like ChatGPT and LLaMA show promise in medical applications, yet challenges remain in medical language comprehension. This study presents Me-LLaMA, a new medical LLM family based on…

We introduce FinanceMath, a novel benchmark designed to evaluate LLMs' capabilities in solving knowledge-intensive math reasoning problems. Compared to prior works, this study features three core advancements. First, FinanceMath includes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Yilun Zhao , Hongjun Liu , Yitao Long , Rui Zhang , Chen Zhao , Arman Cohan

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving…

Cognitive psychology delves on understanding perception, attention, memory, language, problem-solving, decision-making, and reasoning. Large language models (LLMs) are emerging as potent tools increasingly capable of performing human-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-13 Sifatkaur Dhingra , Manmeet Singh , Vaisakh SB , Neetiraj Malviya , Sukhpal Singh Gill

We report the development of GPT-4, a large-scale, multimodal model which can accept image and text inputs and produce text outputs. While less capable than humans in many real-world scenarios, GPT-4 exhibits human-level performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-11 OpenAI , Josh Achiam , Steven Adler , Sandhini Agarwal , Lama Ahmad , Ilge Akkaya , Florencia Leoni Aleman , Diogo Almeida , Janko Altenschmidt , Sam Altman , Shyamal Anadkat , Red Avila , Igor Babuschkin , Suchir Balaji , Valerie Balcom , Paul Baltescu , Haiming Bao , Mohammad Bavarian , Jeff Belgum , Irwan Bello , Jake Berdine , Gabriel Bernadett-Shapiro , Christopher Berner , Lenny Bogdonoff , Oleg Boiko , Madelaine Boyd , Anna-Luisa Brakman , Greg Brockman , Tim Brooks , Miles Brundage , Kevin Button , Trevor Cai , Rosie Campbell , Andrew Cann , Brittany Carey , Chelsea Carlson , Rory Carmichael , Brooke Chan , Che Chang , Fotis Chantzis , Derek Chen , Sully Chen , Ruby Chen , Jason Chen , Mark Chen , Ben Chess , Chester Cho , Casey Chu , Hyung Won Chung , Dave Cummings , Jeremiah Currier , Yunxing Dai , Cory Decareaux , Thomas Degry , Noah Deutsch , Damien Deville , Arka Dhar , David Dohan , Steve Dowling , Sheila Dunning , Adrien Ecoffet , Atty Eleti , Tyna Eloundou , David Farhi , Liam Fedus , Niko Felix , Simón Posada Fishman , Juston Forte , Isabella Fulford , Leo Gao , Elie Georges , Christian Gibson , Vik Goel , Tarun Gogineni , Gabriel Goh , Rapha Gontijo-Lopes , Jonathan Gordon , Morgan Grafstein , Scott Gray , Ryan Greene , Joshua Gross , Shixiang Shane Gu , Yufei Guo , Chris Hallacy , Jesse Han , Jeff Harris , Yuchen He , Mike Heaton , Johannes Heidecke , Chris Hesse , Alan Hickey , Wade Hickey , Peter Hoeschele , Brandon Houghton , Kenny Hsu , Shengli Hu , Xin Hu , Joost Huizinga , Shantanu Jain , Shawn Jain , Joanne Jang , Angela Jiang , Roger Jiang , Haozhun Jin , Denny Jin , Shino Jomoto , Billie Jonn , Heewoo Jun , Tomer Kaftan , Łukasz Kaiser , Ali Kamali , Ingmar Kanitscheider , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Tabarak Khan , Logan Kilpatrick , Jong Wook Kim , Christina Kim , Yongjik Kim , Jan Hendrik Kirchner , Jamie Kiros , Matt Knight , Daniel Kokotajlo , Łukasz Kondraciuk , Andrew Kondrich , Aris Konstantinidis , Kyle Kosic , Gretchen Krueger , Vishal Kuo , Michael Lampe , Ikai Lan , Teddy Lee , Jan Leike , Jade Leung , Daniel Levy , Chak Ming Li , Rachel Lim , Molly Lin , Stephanie Lin , Mateusz Litwin , Theresa Lopez , Ryan Lowe , Patricia Lue , Anna Makanju , Kim Malfacini , Sam Manning , Todor Markov , Yaniv Markovski , Bianca Martin , Katie Mayer , Andrew Mayne , Bob McGrew , Scott Mayer McKinney , Christine McLeavey , Paul McMillan , Jake McNeil , David Medina , Aalok Mehta , Jacob Menick , Luke Metz , Andrey Mishchenko , Pamela Mishkin , Vinnie Monaco , Evan Morikawa , Daniel Mossing , Tong Mu , Mira Murati , Oleg Murk , David Mély , Ashvin Nair , Reiichiro Nakano , Rajeev Nayak , Arvind Neelakantan , Richard Ngo , Hyeonwoo Noh , Long Ouyang , Cullen O'Keefe , Jakub Pachocki , Alex Paino , Joe Palermo , Ashley Pantuliano , Giambattista Parascandolo , Joel Parish , Emy Parparita , Alex Passos , Mikhail Pavlov , Andrew Peng , Adam Perelman , Filipe de Avila Belbute Peres , Michael Petrov , Henrique Ponde de Oliveira Pinto , Michael , Pokorny , Michelle Pokrass , Vitchyr H. Pong , Tolly Powell , Alethea Power , Boris Power , Elizabeth Proehl , Raul Puri , Alec Radford , Jack Rae , Aditya Ramesh , Cameron Raymond , Francis Real , Kendra Rimbach , Carl Ross , Bob Rotsted , Henri Roussez , Nick Ryder , Mario Saltarelli , Ted Sanders , Shibani Santurkar , Girish Sastry , Heather Schmidt , David Schnurr , John Schulman , Daniel Selsam , Kyla Sheppard , Toki Sherbakov , Jessica Shieh , Sarah Shoker , Pranav Shyam , Szymon Sidor , Eric Sigler , Maddie Simens , Jordan Sitkin , Katarina Slama , Ian Sohl , Benjamin Sokolowsky , Yang Song , Natalie Staudacher , Felipe Petroski Such , Natalie Summers , Ilya Sutskever , Jie Tang , Nikolas Tezak , Madeleine B. Thompson , Phil Tillet , Amin Tootoonchian , Elizabeth Tseng , Preston Tuggle , Nick Turley , Jerry Tworek , Juan Felipe Cerón Uribe , Andrea Vallone , Arun Vijayvergiya , Chelsea Voss , Carroll Wainwright , Justin Jay Wang , Alvin Wang , Ben Wang , Jonathan Ward , Jason Wei , CJ Weinmann , Akila Welihinda , Peter Welinder , Jiayi Weng , Lilian Weng , Matt Wiethoff , Dave Willner , Clemens Winter , Samuel Wolrich , Hannah Wong , Lauren Workman , Sherwin Wu , Jeff Wu , Michael Wu , Kai Xiao , Tao Xu , Sarah Yoo , Kevin Yu , Qiming Yuan , Wojciech Zaremba , Rowan Zellers , Chong Zhang , Marvin Zhang , Shengjia Zhao , Tianhao Zheng , Juntang Zhuang , William Zhuk , Barret Zoph

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) has become a crucial technique for adapting pre-trained models to downstream tasks. However, the enormous size of LLMs poses significant challenges in terms of computational complexity and resource…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Yifei Zhang , Hao Zhu , Aiwei Liu , Han Yu , Piotr Koniusz , Irwin King

Fine-tuning and inference with large Language Models (LM) are generally known to be expensive. Parameter-efficient fine-tuning over pretrained LMs reduces training memory by updating a small number of LM parameters but does not improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Bowen Zhao , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Qingqing Cao

Transliteration, the process of mapping text from one script to another, plays a crucial role in multilingual natural language processing, especially within linguistically diverse contexts such as India. Despite significant advancements…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Gulfarogh Azam , Mohd Sadique , Saif Ali , Mohammad Nadeem , Erik Cambria , Shahab Saquib Sohail , Mohammad Sultan Alam

This paper explores a simple method for improving the zero-shot learning abilities of language models. We show that instruction tuning -- finetuning language models on a collection of tasks described via instructions -- substantially…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Jason Wei , Maarten Bosma , Vincent Y. Zhao , Kelvin Guu , Adams Wei Yu , Brian Lester , Nan Du , Andrew M. Dai , Quoc V. Le

The recent success of Large Language Models (LLMs) has gained significant attention in both academia and industry. Substantial efforts have been made to enhance the zero- and few-shot generalization capabilities of open-source LLMs through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Zongxi Li , Xianming Li , Yuzhang Liu , Haoran Xie , Jing Li , Fu-lee Wang , Qing Li , Xiaoqin Zhong

Recent progress in large language models (LLMs) like GPT-4 and PaLM-2 has brought significant advancements in addressing math reasoning problems. In particular, OpenAI's latest version of GPT-4, known as GPT-4 Code Interpreter, shows…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-16 Aojun Zhou , Ke Wang , Zimu Lu , Weikang Shi , Sichun Luo , Zipeng Qin , Shaoqing Lu , Anya Jia , Linqi Song , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li

The adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation in data science offers substantial potential for enhancing tasks such as data manipulation, statistical analysis, and visualization. However, the effectiveness of these models…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Nathalia Nascimento , Everton Guimaraes , Sai Sanjna Chintakunta , Santhosh Anitha Boominathan

We introduce LLaMA, a collection of foundation language models ranging from 7B to 65B parameters. We train our models on trillions of tokens, and show that it is possible to train state-of-the-art models using publicly available datasets…

Foundation models like CLIP allow zero-shot transfer on various tasks without additional training data. Yet, the zero-shot performance is less competitive than a fully supervised one. Thus, to enhance the performance, fine-tuning and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Beier Zhu , Kaihua Tang , Qianru Sun , Hanwang Zhang

In this paper, we study whether domain specific pretraining of small generative language models (SLM) from scratch with domain specialized tokenizer and Chain-of-Thought (CoT) instruction fine-tuning results in competitive performance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Mitodru Niyogi , Arnab Bhattacharya

This review surveys the rapid evolution of Meta AI's LLaMA (Large Language Model Meta AI) series - from LLaMA 1 through LLaMA 4 and the specialized parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods developed for these models. We first describe…

Program slicing is a critical technique in software engineering, enabling developers to isolate relevant portions of code for tasks such as bug detection, code comprehension, and debugging. In this study, we investigate the application of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Kimya Khakzad Shahandashti , Mohammad Mahdi Mohajer , Alvine Boaye Belle , Song Wang , Hadi Hemmati

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered considerable interest within both academic and industrial. Yet, the application of LLMs to graph data remains under-explored. In this study, we evaluate the capabilities of four LLMs in addressing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Chang Liu , Bo Wu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in programming and mathematical reasoning tasks, but are constrained by limited high-quality training data. Synthetic data can be leveraged to enhance fine-tuning outcomes,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Caia Costello , Simon Guo , Anna Goldie , Azalia Mirhoseini
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