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Related papers: Does ChatGPT have Theory of Mind?

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Datasets used for emotion recognition tasks typically contain overt cues that can be used in predicting the emotions expressed in a text. However, one challenge is that texts sometimes contain covert contextual cues that are rich in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Gerard Christopher Yeo , Kokil Jaidka

This research paper presents the findings of two experimental studies that explore the use of ChatGPT as a tool for theory prototyping. The objective of the studies is to assess ChatGPT's ability to comprehend theoretical concepts and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Tiong-Thye Goh

Real-time human-artificial intelligence (AI) collaboration is crucial yet challenging, especially when AI agents must adapt to diverse and unseen human behaviors in dynamic scenarios. Existing large language model (LLM) agents often fail to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Xiyun Li , Yining Ding , Yuhua Jiang , Yunlong Zhao , Runpeng Xie , Shuang Xu , Yuanhua Ni , Yiqin Yang , Bo Xu

When cooperating with a human, a robot should not only care about its environment and task but also develop an understanding of the partner's reasoning. To support its human partner in complex tasks, the robot can share information that it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Moritz C. Buehler , Jürgen Adamy , Thomas H. Weisswange

We introduce a novel Theory of Mind (ToM) framework inspired by dual-process theories from cognitive science, integrating a fast, habitual graph-based reasoning system (System 1), implemented via graph convolutional networks (GCNs), and a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Shalima Binta Manir , Tim Oates

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promising potential in persuasion, but existing works on training LLM persuaders are still preliminary. Notably, while humans are skilled in modeling their opponent's thoughts and opinions proactively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Peixuan Han , Zijia Liu , Jiaxuan You

Theory of Mind (ToM), the ability to understand the mental states of oneself and others, remains a challenging area for large language models (LLMs), which often fail to predict human mental states accurately. In this paper, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Prameshwar Thiyagarajan , Vaishnavi Parimi , Shamant Sai , Soumil Garg , Zhangir Meirbek , Nitin Yarlagadda , Kevin Zhu , Chris Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) have lately been on the spotlight of researchers, businesses, and consumers alike. While the linguistic capabilities of such models have been studied extensively, there is growing interest in investigating them…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sotiris Lamprinidis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have generated considerable interest and debate regarding their potential emergence of Theory of Mind (ToM). Several recent inquiries reveal a lack of robust ToM in these models and pose a pressing demand to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Ziqiao Ma , Jacob Sansom , Run Peng , Joyce Chai

The prevalent use of Large Language Models (LLMs) has necessitated studying their mental models, yielding noteworthy theoretical and practical implications. Current research has demonstrated that state-of-the-art LLMs, such as ChatGPT,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Chuanyang Jin , Songyang Zhang , Tianmin Shu , Zhihan Cui

Large language models (LLMs) are currently at the forefront of intertwining AI systems with human communication and everyday life. Therefore, it is of great importance to evaluate their emerging abilities. In this study, we show that LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Thilo Hagendorff , Sarah Fabi , Michal Kosinski

Large Language Models (LLMs) have had considerable difficulty when prompted with mathematical questions, especially those within theory of computing (ToC) courses. In this paper, we detail two experiments regarding our own ToC course and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Matei A. Golesteanu , Garrett B. Vowinkel , Ryan E. Dougherty

As the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the importance of rigorous safety evaluation is becoming increasingly evident. Recent concerns within the realm of safety assessment have highlighted instances in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Tatsuhiro Aoshima , Mitsuaki Akiyama

Theory of Mind (ToM) - the ability to attribute beliefs and intents to others - is fundamental for social intelligence, yet Vision-Language Model (VLM) evaluations remain largely Western-centric. In this work, we introduce CulturalToM-VQA,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Zabir Al Nazi , GM Shahariar , Md. Abrar Hossain , Wei Peng

Humor is a central aspect of human communication that has not been solved for artificial agents so far. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly able to capture implicit and contextual information. Especially, OpenAI's ChatGPT recently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Sophie Jentzsch , Kristian Kersting

Theory of Mind (ToM) can be used to assess the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) in complex scenarios where social reasoning is required. While the research community has proposed many ToM benchmarks, their hardness varies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-10 X. Angelo Huang , Emanuele La Malfa , Samuele Marro , Andrea Asperti , Anthony Cohn , Michael Wooldridge

As large language models (LLMs) become the engine behind conversational systems, their ability to reason about the intentions and states of their dialogue partners (i.e., form and use a theory-of-mind, or ToM) becomes increasingly critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Hanqi Xiao , Vaidehi Patil , Zaid Khan , Hyunji Lee , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Guilt aversion induces experience of a utility loss in people if they believe they have disappointed others, and this promotes cooperative behaviour in human. In psychological game theory, guilt aversion necessitates modelling of agents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-17 Dung Nguyen , Svetha Venkatesh , Phuoc Nguyen , Truyen Tran

Existing Theory of Mind (ToM) benchmarks diverge from real-world scenarios in three aspects: 1) they assess a limited range of mental states such as beliefs, 2) false beliefs are not comprehensively explored, and 3) the diverse personality…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Kazutoshi Shinoda , Nobukatsu Hojo , Kyosuke Nishida , Saki Mizuno , Keita Suzuki , Ryo Masumura , Hiroaki Sugiyama , Kuniko Saito

As Large Language Models (LLMs) gain agentic abilities, they will have to navigate complex multi-agent scenarios, interacting with human users and other agents in cooperative and competitive settings. This will require new reasoning skills,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Andrei Lupu , Timon Willi , Jakob Foerster