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This paper presents a unified framework for codifying and automating optimization strategies to efficiently deploy deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained hardware, such as FPGAs, while maintaining high performance, accuracy,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Zhiqiang Que , Jose G. F. Coutinho , Ce Guo , Hongxiang Fan , Wayne Luk

Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on mobile devices demands efficient hardware acceleration of low-precision (INT8) general matrix multiplication (GEMM). Exploiting data sparsity is a common approach to further accelerate GEMM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Zhi-Gang Liu , Paul N. Whatmough , Matthew Mattina

In this paper, we present a novel multi-objective hardware-aware neural architecture search (NAS) framework, namely HSCoNAS, to automate the design of deep neural networks (DNNs) with high accuracy but low latency upon target hardware. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-16 Xiangzhong Luo , Di Liu , Shuo Huai , Weichen Liu

Binary neural networks (BNNs) have demonstrated their ability to solve complex tasks with comparable accuracy as full-precision deep neural networks (DNNs), while also reducing computational power and storage requirements and increasing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Riccardo Schiavone , Maria A. Zuluaga

The high efficiency of domain-specific hardware accelerators for machine learning (ML) has come from specialization, with the trade-off of less configurability/ flexibility. There is growing interest in developing flexible ML accelerators…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Sheng-Chun Kao , Hyoukjun Kwon , Michael Pellauer , Angshuman Parashar , Tushar Krishna

The deployment of deep neural networks (DNNs) in privacy-sensitive environments is constrained by computational overheads in fully homomorphic encryption (FHE). This paper explores unstructured sparsity in FHE matrix multiplication schemes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Aidan Ferguson , Perry Gibson , Lara D'Agata , Parker McLeod , Ferhat Yaman , Amitabh Das , Ian Colbert , José Cano

Tensors play a vital role in machine learning (ML) and often exhibit properties best explored while maintaining high-order. Efficiently performing ML computations requires taking advantage of sparsity, but generalized hardware support is…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Gabriel Kulp , Andrew Ensinger , Lizhong Chen

In this article, we investigate the impact of architectural parameters of array-based DNN accelerators on accelerator's energy consumption and performance in a wide variety of network topologies. For this purpose, we have developed a tool…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Mohammad Ali Maleki , Mehdi Kamal , Ali Afzali-Kusha

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), which are inspired by the human brain, have recently gained popularity due to their relatively simple and low-power hardware for transmitting binary spikes and highly sparse activation maps. However, because…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Hong-Han Lien , Tian-Sheuan Chang

The growing scale of large language models (LLMs) has intensified demands on computation and memory, making efficient inference a key challenge. While sparsity can reduce these costs, existing design space exploration (DSE) frameworks often…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Junyi Wu , Chao Fang , Zhongfeng Wang

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are used in state-of-the-art models in domains such as speech recognition, machine translation, and language modelling. Sparsity is a technique to reduce compute and memory requirements of deep learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-09 Sharan Narang , Eric Undersander , Gregory Diamos

As machine learning applications continue to evolve, the demand for efficient hardware accelerators, specifically tailored for deep neural networks (DNNs), becomes increasingly vital. In this paper, we propose a configurable memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-25 Oliver Bause , Paul Palomero Bernardo , Oliver Bringmann

Fully-connected layers in deep neural networks (DNN) are often the throughput and power bottleneck during training. This is due to their large size and low data reuse. Pruning dense layers can significantly reduce the size of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-13 Mihailo Isakov , Michel A. Kinsy

This paper introduces a novel optimization framework for deep neural network (DNN) hardware accelerators, enabling the rapid development of customized and automated design flows. More specifically, our approach aims to automate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Zhiqiang Que , Shuo Liu , Markus Rognlien , Ce Guo , Jose G. F. Coutinho , Wayne Luk

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer potential advantages in energy efficiency but currently trail Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) in versatility, largely due to challenges in efficient input encoding. Recent work shows that direct coding…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ilkin Aliyev , Jesus Lopez , Tosiron Adegbija

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are highly regarded for their energy efficiency, inherent activation sparsity, and suitability for real-time processing in edge devices. However, most current SNN methods adopt architectures resembling…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yesmine Abdennadher , Giovanni Perin , Riccardo Mazzieri , Jacopo Pegoraro , Michele Rossi

As the size of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) increases dramatically to achieve high accuracy, the DNNs require a large amount of computations and memory footprint. Pruning, which produces a sparse neural network, is one of the solutions to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Hyunsung Yoon , Sungju Ryu , Jae-Joon Kim

Deep learning demonstrates effectiveness across a wide range of tasks. However, the dense and over-parameterized nature of these models results in significant resource consumption during deployment. In response to this issue, weight…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Cong Ma , Du Wu , Zhelang Deng , Jiang Chen , Xiaowen Huang , Jintao Meng , Wenxi Zhu , Bingqiang Wang , Amelie Chi Zhou , Peng Chen , Minwen Deng , Yanjie Wei , Shengzhong Feng , Yi Pan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been proven to be effective in solving many real-life problems, but its high computation cost prohibits those models from being deployed to edge devices. Pruning, as a method to introduce zeros to model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Fei Sun , Minghai Qin , Tianyun Zhang , Xiaolong Ma , Haoran Li , Junwen Luo , Zihao Zhao , Yen-Kuang Chen , Yuan Xie

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have been shown to outperform conventional machine learning algorithms across a wide range of applications, e.g., image recognition, object detection, robotics, and natural language processing. However, the high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Ye Yu , Yingmin Li , Shuai Che , Niraj K. Jha , Weifeng Zhang