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The past ten years have seen the advent of silicon-based precise timing detectors for charged particle tracking. The underlying reason for this evolution is a design innovation: the Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD). In its simplicity, the…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2022-08-31 N. Cartiglia , R. Arcidiacono , M. Costa , M. Ferrero , G. Gioachin , M. Mandurrino , L. Menzio , F. Siviero , V. Sola , M. Tornago

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes, also known as LGADs, are widely considered for fast-timing applications in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space science, medical imaging, and precision measurements of rare processes. Such devices are…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are thin silicon detectors with moderate internal signal amplification and time resolution as good as 17 ps for minimum ionizing particles. However, the current major limiting factor in granularity is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-26 M. Nizam , K. W. Shin , S. M. Mazza , J. Ott , A. Seiden , B. Schumm , Y. Zhao

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) represent a remarkable advance in high energy particle detection, since they provide a moderate increase (gain ~10) of the collected charge, thus leading to a notable improvement of the signal-to-noise…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-05-04 Pablo Fernandez-Martinez , David Flores , Salvador Hidalgo , Virginia Greco , Angel Merlos , Giulio Pellegrini , David Quirion

We report a concept low gain avalanche diode (LGAD) detector to be integrated into TOPSiDE, which is being developed for EIC (Electron-Ion Collider) project. The LGAD detector will be taking its place to resolve requirement of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-21 Kyung-Wook , Shin , Jose O. Repond , David Blyth , Jessica E. Metcalfe , Manoj Jadhav , Abraham Saiden , Hartmut Sadrozinski

With the High-Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) the number of collisions per bunch crossing increases. To cope with these high rates in the pixel trackers, per-pixel time measurements are required, which implies the need for fast…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-11-18 Daan Oppenhuis

The low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are thin sensors with fast charge collection which in combination with internal gain deliver an outstanding time resolution of about 30 ps. High collision rates and consequent large particle rates…

Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are thin (20-50 $\mu m$)silicon di ode sensors with modest internal gain (typically 5 to 50) and exceptional time resolution (17 $ps$ to 50 $ps$). However, the granularity of such devices is limited to the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-01-05 S. Ayyoub , C. Gee , R. Islam , S. M. Mazza , B. Schumm , A. Seiden , Y. Zhao

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will…

The wide-bandgap semiconductor 4H-silicon carbide (4H-SiC) offers a compelling combination of radiation hardness, thermal stability, and high critical electric field for particle detection in harsh environments. To compensate for the…

Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) sensors, offering timing resolutions of the order of tens of picoseconds, are being widely adopted in particle physics experiments and related applications. As these applications scale to large numbers of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-05-27 Kyungmin Lee , Hoyong Jeong , Junho Kim , Seokhyeon Lee , Jaebak Kim , Jae Hyeok Yoo

This paper presents the possibility of using very thin Low Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGAD) ($25 - 50\mu$m thick) as tracking detector at future hadron colliders, where particle fluence will be above $10^{16}\; n_{eq}/cm^2$. In the present…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-09-02 N. Cartiglia , H. Sadrozinski , A. Seiden

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are n-on-p silicon sensors with an extra p-layer below the collection electrode which provides signal amplification. When the primary electrons reach the amplification region new electron-hole pairs are…

Silicon-based fast time detectors have been widely used in high energy physics, nuclear physics, space exploration and other fields in recent years. However, silicon detectors often require complex low-temperature systems when operating in…

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes are a type of silicon Avalanche Photo-Diodes originally developed for the fast detection of minimum ionizing particles in high-energy physics experiments. Thanks to their fast timing performance, the Low-Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-07 Gabriele Giacomini , Wei Chen , Gabriele D'Amen , Enrico Rossi , Alessandro Tricoli

Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) is the baseline sensing technology of the recently proposed Minimum Ionizing Particle (MIP) end-cap timing detectors (MTD) at the Atlas and CMS experiments. The current MTD sensor is designed as a…

Motivated by the need for fast timing detectors to withstand up to 2 MGy of ionizing dose at the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider, prototype low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) have been fabricated in single pad configuration, 2x2…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-20 Martin Hoeferkamp , Alissa Howard , Gregor Kramberger , Sally Seidel , Josef Sorenson , Adam Yanez

This paper shows the simulation and test results of 50um thick Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) sensors designed by the Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) and fabricated by the Institute of Microelectronics of the Chinese Academy of…

Future high-energy physics experiments require a paradigm shift in radiation detector design. In response to this challenge, resistive LGADs that combine Low Gain Avalanche Diode technology with resistive readout have been developed. The…