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This paper introduces a mixed H-infinity-passivity framework that enables district heating systems (DHSs) with heat pumps to support electric-grid frequency regulation. The analysis illustrates how the DHS regulator influences coupled…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Xinyi Yi , Ioannis Lestas

We propose a comprehensive nonlinear ODE-based thermo-hydraulic model of a district heating system featuring several heat producers, consumers and storage devices which are interconnected through a distribution network of meshed topology…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-19 Juan E. Machado , Michele Cucuzzella , Jacquelien Scherpen

Flow and storage volume regulation is essential for the adequate transport and management of energy resources in district heating systems. In this letter, we propose a novel and suitably tailored -- decentralized -- adaptive control scheme…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-06 Juan E. Machado , Michele Cucuzzella , Nina Pronk , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen

District heating networks are an integral part of the energy system in many countries. In future smart energy systems, they are expected to enhance energy flexibility and support the integration of renewable and waste energy sources. An…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Ask Hällström , Felix Agner , Richard Pates

Using hydraulic models in control design in district heating networks can increase pumping efficiency and reduce sensitivity to hydraulic bottlenecks. These models are usually white-box, as they are obtained based on full knowledge of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-04 Felix Agner , Pauline Kergus , Richard Pates , Anders Rantzer

Voltage and frequency control in an islanded AC microgrid (ImGs) amount to stabilizing an a priori unknown ImG equilibrium induced by loads and changes in topology. This paper puts forth a unified control framework which, while guaranteeing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-07 Felix Strehle , Pulkit Nahata , Albertus Johannes Malan , Sören Hohmann , Giancarlo Ferrari-Trecate

This paper presents a comprehensive control-theoretic analysis of water distribution network (WDN) hydraulics. Starting from a general nonlinear differential algebraic equation (DAE) model of WDNs with arbitrary topology and network…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Ahmad F. Taha , Mohamad H. Kazma

This paper investigates the control of flow networks, where the control objective is to regulate the measured output (e.g storage levels) towards a desired value. We present a distributed controller that dynamically adjusts the inputs and…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Sebastian Trip , Tjardo Scholten , Claudio De Persis

Heat pumps have the capability for fast adjustments in power consumption with potential connections to large heating-inertia district heating networks, and are thus a very important resource for providing frequency support in low-inertia…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Xin Qin , Ioannis Lestas

The district heating network (DHN) is essential in enhancing the operational flexibility of integrated energy systems (IES). Yet, it is hard to obtain an accurate and concise DHN model for the operation owing to complicated network features…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-06 Shuai Lu , Zihang Gao , Yong Sun , Suhan Zhang , Baoju Li , Chengliang Hao , Yijun Xu , Wei Gu

This paper presents a passivity-based control framework for AC-DC converters supplying non-passive Information Technology rack loads in DC data centers. Unlike conventional cascaded proportional-integral controllers that ensure stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Lizhi Wang , Fei Feng , Ella Chou , Yashen Lin

Massive adoptions of combined heat and power (CHP) units necessitate the coordinated operation of power system and district heating system (DHS). Exploiting the reconfigurable property of district heating networks (DHNs) provides a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-13 Yixun Xue , Mohammad Shahidehpour , Zhaoguang Pan , Bin Wang , Quan Zhou , Qinglai Guo , Hongbin Sun

The application of the energy-efficient thermal and energy management mechanism in Geothermal Heat Pumps (GHPs) is indispensable to reduce the overall energy consumption and carbon emission across the building sector. Besides, in the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-01 Lei Liang , Xuan Zhang , Hongbin Sun

In this paper we consider calibration of hydraulic models for district heating systems based on operational data. We extend previous theoretical work on the topic to handle real-world complications, namely unknown valve characteristics and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-02 Felix Agner , Christian Møller Jensen , Anders Rantzer , Carsten Skovmose Kallesøe , Rafal Wisniewski

The 4th generation of district heating systems face a potential problem where lowered water temperatures lead to higher flow rates, which requires higher hydraulic capacity in terms of pipe and pump sizes. This increases the effect of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-22 Felix Agner , Pauline Kergus , Richard Pates , Anders Rantzer

Hydrogen's growing role in the transition towards climate-neutral energy systems necessitates structured modeling frameworks. Existing gas network models, largely developed for natural gas, fail to capture hydrogen systems distinct…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-03 Abdullah Shahin , Hannes Gernandt , Anton Plietzsch , Johannes Schiffer

Modern district heating technologies have a great potential to make the energy sector more flexible and sustainable due to their capabilities to use energy sources of varied nature and to efficiently store energy for subsequent use. Central…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-03 Juan E. Machado , Joel Ferguson , Michele Cucuzzella , Jacquelien M. A. Scherpen

The growing electrification of transportation and heating through Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Heat Pumps (HPs) introduces both flexibility and complexity to Active Distribution Networks (ADNs). These resources provide substantial…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-30 Savvas Panagi , Chrysovalantis Spanias , Petros Aristidou

This paper provides a first contribution to port-Hamiltonian modeling of district heating networks. By introducing a model hierarchy of flow equations on the network, this work aims at a thermodynamically consistent port-Hamiltonian…

We consider a basic model of a dynamical distribution network, modeled as a directed graph with storage variables corresponding to every vertex and flow inputs corresponding to every edge, subject to unknown but constant inflows and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2013-03-20 J. Wei , A. J. van der Schaft
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