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Reward models (RMs) are essential for aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, they often struggle with capturing complex human preferences and generalizing to unseen data. To address these challenges, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Anamika Lochab , Ruqi Zhang

Molecules in equilibrium follow a Boltzmann distribution, making the underlying energy landscape a physically grounded modeling objective. However, such landscapes are difficult to learn from data and, once learned, hard to sample from.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Christoph Griesbacher , Lea Bogensperger , Andreas Habring , Thomas Pock

Neural language models are often trained with maximum likelihood estimation (MLE), where the next word is generated conditioned on the ground-truth word tokens. During testing, however, the model is instead conditioned on previously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Guoyin Wang , Chunyuan Li , Jianqiao Li , Hao Fu , Yuh-Chen Lin , Liqun Chen , Yizhe Zhang , Chenyang Tao , Ruiyi Zhang , Wenlin Wang , Dinghan Shen , Qian Yang , Lawrence Carin

Real-world text applications often involve composing a wide range of text control operations, such as editing the text w.r.t. an attribute, manipulating keywords and structure, and generating new text of desired properties. Prior work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Guangyi Liu , Zeyu Feng , Yuan Gao , Zichao Yang , Xiaodan Liang , Junwei Bao , Xiaodong He , Shuguang Cui , Zhen Li , Zhiting Hu

Multimodal reward models are crucial for aligning multimodal large language models with human preferences. Recent works have incorporated reasoning capabilities into these models, achieving promising results. However, training these models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shidong Yang , Tongwen Huang , Hao Wen , Yong Wang , Li Chen , Xiangxiang Chu

The demand for reliable AI systems has intensified the need for interpretable deep neural networks. Concept bottleneck models (CBMs) have gained attention as an effective approach by leveraging human-understandable concepts to enhance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Sangwon Kim , Dasom Ahn , Byoung Chul Ko , In-su Jang , Kwang-Ju Kim

While recent advances in Text-to-Speech (TTS) technology produce natural and expressive speech, they lack the option for users to select emotion and control intensity. We propose EmoKnob, a framework that allows fine-grained emotion control…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Haozhe Chen , Run Chen , Julia Hirschberg

Prompts with different control signals (e.g., length, keywords, etc.) can be used to control text summarization. When control signals are available, they can control the properties of generated summaries and potentially improve…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Yubo Zhang , Xingxing Zhang , Xun Wang , Si-qing Chen , Furu Wei

Lexically constrained text generation is one of the constrained text generation tasks, which aims to generate text that covers all the given constraint lexicons. While the existing approaches tackle this problem using a lexically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Hayate Iso

The success of Large Language Models (LLMs) in other domains has raised the question of whether LLMs can reliably assess and manipulate the readability of text. We approach this question empirically. First, using a published corpus of 4,724…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Sean Trott , Pamela D. Rivière

While current emotional text-to-speech (TTS) systems can generate highly intelligible emotional speech, achieving fine control over emotion rendering of the output speech still remains a significant challenge. In this paper, we introduce…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Xin Jing , Kun Zhou , Andreas Triantafyllopoulos , Björn W. Schuller

The dominant language modeling paradigm handles text as a sequence of discrete tokens. While that approach can capture the latent structure of the text, it is inherently constrained to sequential dynamics for text generation. We propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Noe Casas , José A. R. Fonollosa , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Aligning language models (LMs) with user intent is becoming increasingly relevant to enhance user experience. This calls for designing methods that can allow users to control the properties of the language that LMs generate, for example,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Vinay Samuel , Harshita Diddee , Yiming Zhang , Daphne Ippolito

In the domain of scientific machine learning, designing effective reward functions remains a challenge in reinforcement learning (RL), particularly in environments where task goals are difficult to specify numerically. Reward functions in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Aoming Liang , Chi Cheng , Dashuai Chen , Boai Sun , Dixia Fan

Multimodal generative models have recently gained significant attention for their ability to learn representations across various modalities, enhancing joint and cross-generation coherence. However, most existing works use standard Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shiyu Yuan , Jiali Cui , Hanao Li , Tian Han

Energy-Based Models (EBMs) present a flexible and appealing way to represent uncertainty. Despite recent advances, training EBMs on high-dimensional data remains a challenging problem as the state-of-the-art approaches are costly, unstable,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Will Grathwohl , Jacob Kelly , Milad Hashemi , Mohammad Norouzi , Kevin Swersky , David Duvenaud

In response generation task, proper sentimental expressions can obviously improve the human-like level of the responses. However, for real application in online systems, high QPS (queries per second, an indicator of the flow capacity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Shuangyong Song , Kexin Wang , Chao Wang , Haiqing Chen , Huan Chen

Controlling robots through natural language is pivotal for enhancing human-robot collaboration and synthesizing complex robot behaviors. Recent works that are trained on large robot datasets show impressive generalization abilities.…

While large language models (LLMs) have made significant strides in generating coherent and contextually relevant text, they often function as opaque black boxes, trained on vast unlabeled datasets with statistical objectives, lacking an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Yingbing Huang , Deming Chen , Abhishek K. Umrawal

For a computer to naturally interact with a human, it needs to be human-like. In this paper, we propose a neural response generation model with multi-task learning of generation and classification, focusing on emotion. Our model based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Tatsuya Ide , Daisuke Kawahara