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The Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) approach is a new and promising way to solve partial differential equations using deep learning. The $L^2$ Physics-Informed Loss is the de-facto standard in training Physics-Informed Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Chuwei Wang , Shanda Li , Di He , Liwei Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have proven an effective tool for solving differential equations, in particular when considering non-standard or ill-posed settings. When inferring solutions and parameters of the differential…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-26 Philipp Pilar , Markus Heinonen , Niklas Wahlström

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINN) are neural networks (NNs) that encode model equations, like Partial Differential Equations (PDE), as a component of the neural network itself. PINNs are nowadays used to solve PDEs, fractional…

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an increasingly powerful way to solve partial differential equations, generate digital twins, and create neural surrogates of physical models. In this manuscript we detail the inner workings of…

We consider stochastic optimization problems with possibly nonsmooth integrands posed in Banach spaces and approximate these stochastic programs via a sample-based approaches. We establish the consistency of approximate Clarke stationary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Johannes Milz

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) encounter accuracy limitations when solving the Allen--Cahn (AC) and Cahn--Hilliard (CH) partial differential equations (PDEs). To overcome this, we employ a novel loss function, Residuals-weighted…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-25 Guangtao Zhang , Jiani Lin , Qijia Zhai , Huiyu Yang , Xujun Chen , Ieng Tak Leong , Fang Zhu

We present a simple Bellman function proof of a bilinear estimate for elliptic operators in divergence form with real coefficients and with nonnegative potentials. The constants are dimension-free. The $p$-range of applicability of this…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2011-06-01 Oliver Dragičević , Alexander Volberg

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) provide a promising machine learning framework for solving partial differential equations, but their training often breaks down on challenging problems, sometimes converging to physically incorrect…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Sifan Wang , Shawn Koohy , Yiping Lu , Paris Perdikaris

The authors use steepest descent ideas to obtain a priori $L^p$ estimates for solutions of Riemann-Hilbert Problems. Such estimates play a crucial role, in particular, in analyzing the long-time behavior of solutions of the perturbed…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2007-05-23 P. Deift , X. Zhou

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have shown to be an effective tool for solving forward and inverse problems of partial differential equations (PDEs). PINNs embed the PDEs into the loss of the neural network, and this PDE loss is…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-19 Chenxi Wu , Min Zhu , Qinyang Tan , Yadhu Kartha , Lu Lu

We prove in this paper the global Lorentz estimate in term of fractional-maximal function for gradient of weak solutions to a class of p-Laplace elliptic equations containing a non-negative Schr\"odinger potential which belongs to reverse…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2020-09-29 Minh-Phuong Tran , Thanh-Nhan Nguyen , Gia-Bao Nguyen

Deep learning has achieved remarkable success in diverse applications; however, its use in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) has emerged only recently. Here, we present an overview of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , Zhiping Mao , George E. Karniadakis

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) uses physics-augmented loss functions, e.g., incorporating the residual term from governing partial differential equations (PDEs), to ensure its output is consistent with fundamental physics laws.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

We propose a framework for solving nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) by combining perturbation theory with one-shot transfer learning in Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs). Nonlinear PDEs with polynomial terms are…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Samuel Auroy , Pavlos Protopapas

We propose a mesh-free policy iteration framework based on physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) for solving entropy-regularized stochastic control problems. The method iteratively alternates between soft policy evaluation and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Yeongjong Kim , Namkyeong Cho , Minseok Kim , Yeoneung Kim

Motivated by the recent successful application of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to solve Boltzmann-type equations [S. Jin, Z. Ma, and K. Wu, J. Sci. Comput., 94 (2023), pp. 57], we provide a rigorous error analysis for PINNs in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Elie Abdo , Lihui Chai , Ruimeng Hu , Xu Yang

This paper deals with a general form of variational problems in Banach spaces which encompasses variational inequalities as well as minimization problems. We prove a characterization of local error bounds for the distance to the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-12 Christian Kanzow , Daniel Steck

Sparse identification of nonlinear dynamical systems is a topic of continuously increasing significance in the dynamical systems community. Here we explore it at the level of lattice nonlinear dynamical systems of many degrees of freedom.…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2022-12-05 Sheikh Saqlain , Wei Zhu , Efstathios G. Charalampidis , Panayotis G. Kevrekidis

This paper presents an a priori error analysis of the Deep Mixed Residual method (MIM) for solving high-order elliptic equations with non-homogeneous boundary conditions, including Dirichlet, Neumann, and Robin conditions. We examine MIM…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-11-26 Mengjia Bai , Jingrun Chen , Rui Du , Zhiwei Sun

This paper explores the difficulties in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) using physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs use physics as a regularization term in the objective function. However, a drawback of this approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Shamsulhaq Basir