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Successfully training Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) for highly nonlinear PDEs on complex 3D domains remains a challenging task. In this paper, PINNs are employed to solve the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes (NS) equations at…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Saakaar Bhatnagar , Andrew Comerford , Araz Banaeizadeh

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

In this paper, first we present a new useful way of formulating probabilistic normed spaces. Then by using this formulation and probabilistic normed space version of the Baire category theorem, we prove four important results of functional…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2018-07-10 Delavar Varasteh Tafti , Mahdi Azhini

We announce some Python classes for numerical solution of partial differential equations, or boundary value problems of ordinary differential equations. These classes are built on routines in \texttt{numpy} and \texttt{scipy.sparse.linalg}…

Computational Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Asif Mushtaq , Trond Kvamsdal , Kåre Olaussen

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been demonstrated to be efficient in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) from a variety of experimental perspectives. Some recent studies have also proposed PINN algorithms for PDEs on…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-06 Guanhang Lei , Zhen Lei , Lei Shi , Chenyu Zeng , Ding-Xuan Zhou

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) solve time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) by learning a mesh-free, differentiable solution that can be evaluated anywhere in space and time. However, standard space--time PINNs take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Chen-Yang Dai , Che-Chia Chang , Te-Sheng Lin , Ming-Chih Lai , Chieh-Hsin Lai

Schauder Orlicz-type estimates are derived for weak solutions to second-order linear elliptic equations in divergence form with lower-order terms. The Orlicz setting $X=L^\psi$ is treated first. Under suitable assumptions on the Young…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-05-26 Jaouad Bourabiaa , Youssef Elmadani , Abdelouahab Hanine

We establish boundary regularity estimates for elliptic systems in divergence form with VMO coefficients. Additionally, we obtain nondegeneracy estimates of the Hopf-Oleinik type lemma for elliptic equations. In both cases, the moduli of…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2025-02-06 Hongjie Dong , Seongmin Jeon

Stiff differential equations are prevalent in various scientific domains, posing significant challenges due to the disparate time scales of their components. As computational power grows, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have led to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Emilien Seiler , Wanzhou Lei , Pavlos Protopapas

We use elliptic partial differential equations (PDEs) as examples to show various properties and behaviors when shallow neural networks (SNNs) are used to represent the solutions. In particular, we study the numerical ill-conditioning,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-04 Roy Y. He , Ying Liang , Hongkai Zhao , Yimin Zhong

Stochastic differential equations are commonly used to describe the evolution of stochastic processes. The state uncertainty of such processes is best represented by the probability density function (PDF), whose evolution is governed by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chun-Wei Kong , Luca Laurenti , Jay McMahon , Morteza Lahijanian

Bayesian Physics Informed Neural Networks (BPINN) have attracted considerable attention for inferring the system states and physical parameters of differential equations according to noisy observations. However, in practice, Hamiltonian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Yilong Hou , Xi'an Li , Jinran Wu , You-Gan Wang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been popularized as a deep learning framework that can seamlessly synthesize observational data and partial differential equation (PDE) constraints. Their practical effectiveness however can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sifan Wang , Shyam Sankaran , Hanwen Wang , Paris Perdikaris

This paper introduces a novel approach to solve inverse problems by leveraging deep learning techniques. The objective is to infer unknown parameters that govern a physical system based on observed data. We focus on scenarios where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-02 Sidney Besnard , Frédéric Jurie , Jalal M. Fadili

Deep learning has been shown to be an effective tool in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) through physics-informed neural networks (PINNs). PINNs embed the PDE residual into the loss function of the neural network, and have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Jeremy Yu , Lu Lu , Xuhui Meng , George Em Karniadakis

In this paper, numerical methods using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are presented with the aim to solve higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Indeed, this deep-learning technique is successfully applied for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Hubert Baty

Many physical and engineering systems require solving direct problems to predict behavior and inverse problems to determine unknown parameters from measurement. In this work, we study both aspects for systems governed by differential…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-04 Noura Al Helwani , Sophie Moufawad , Georges Sakr

Solving high-dimensional partial differential equations is a recurrent challenge in economics, science and engineering. In recent years, a great number of computational approaches have been developed, most of them relying on a combination…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-01-31 Nikolas Nüsken , Lorenz Richter

We noisily observe solutions of an ordinary differential equation $\dot u = f(u)$ at given times, where $u$ lives in a $d$-dimensional state space. The model function $f$ is unknown and belongs to a H\"older-type smoothness class with…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-23 Christof Schötz , Maximilian Siebel

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have recently emerged as a prominent paradigm for solving partial differential equations (PDEs), yet their training strategies remain underexplored. While hard prioritization methods inspired by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zhaoqian Gao , Min Yanga
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