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We explore quantum-inspired interactive proof systems where the prover is limited. Namely, we improve on a result by [AG17] showing a quantum-inspired interactive protocol ($\sf IP$) for $\sf PreciseBQP$ where the prover is only assumed to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-08 Ayal Green , Guy Kindler , Yupan Liu

We design and analyze new protocols to verify the correctness of various computations on matrices over the ring F[x] of univariate polynomials over a field F. For the sake of efficiency, and because many of the properties we verify are…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2019-12-12 David Lucas , Vincent Neiger , Clément Pernet , Daniel S. Roche , Johan Rosenkilde

Interactive-proof games model the scenario where an honest party interacts with powerful but strategic provers, to elicit from them the correct answer to a computational question. Interactive proofs are increasingly used as a framework to…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Jing Chen , Samuel McCauley , Shikha Singh

Interactive proofs (IP) model a world where a verifier delegates computation to an untrustworthy prover, verifying the prover's claims before accepting them. IP protocols have applications in areas such as verifiable computation…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-11-15 Jing Chen , Samuel McCauley , Shikha Singh

Among formal methods, the deductive verification approach allows establishing the strongest possible formal guarantees on critical software. The downside is the cost in terms of human effort required to design adequate formal specifications…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Sylvain Dailler , Claude Marché , Yannick Moy

We provide new communication-efficient distributed interactive proofs for planarity. The notion of a \emph{distributed interactive proof (DIP)} was introduced by Kol, Oshman, and Saxena (PODC 2018). In a DIP, the \emph{prover} is a single…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Yuval Gil , Merav Parter

As statistical analyses become more central to science, industry and society, there is a growing need to ensure correctness of their results. Approximate correctness can be verified by replicating the entire analysis, but can we verify…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Tal Herman , Guy Rothblum

Our ability to know when to trust the decisions made by machine learning systems has not kept up with the staggering improvements in their performance, limiting their applicability in high-stakes domains. We introduce Prover-Verifier Games…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Cem Anil , Guodong Zhang , Yuhuai Wu , Roger Grosse

We present the first protocol allowing a classical computer to interactively verify the result of an efficient quantum computation. We achieve this by constructing a measurement protocol, which enables a classical verifier to use a quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-11 Urmila Mahadev

The problem of reliably certifying the outcome of a computation performed by a quantum device is rapidly gaining relevance. We present two protocols for a classical verifier to verifiably delegate a quantum computation to two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-13 Andrea Coladangelo , Alex Grilo , Stacey Jeffery , Thomas Vidick

Interactive theorem provers have been used extensively to reason about various software/hardware systems and mathematical theorems. The key challenge when using an interactive prover is finding a suitable sequence of proof steps that will…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-15 Thomas Gransden , Neil Walkinshaw , Rajeev Raman

We consider the problem of testing and learning from data in the presence of resource constraints, such as limited memory or weak data access, which place limitations on the efficiency and feasibility of testing or learning. In particular,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Matthias C. Caro , Jens Eisert , Marcel Hinsche , Marios Ioannou , Alexander Nietner , Ryan Sweke

This paper proves one of the open problem posed by Beigi et al. in arXiv:1004.0411v2. We consider quantum interactive proof systems where in the beginning the verifier and prover send messages to each other with the combined length of all…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2011-09-06 Attila Pereszlényi

Interactive Theorem Provers (ITPs) are an indispensable tool in the arsenal of formal method experts as a platform for construction and (formal) verification of proofs. The complexity of the proofs in conjunction with the level of expertise…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Eric Yeh , Briland Hitaj , Sam Owre , Maena Quemener , Natarajan Shankar

The study of distributed interactive proofs was initiated by Kol, Oshman, and Saxena [PODC 2018] as a generalization of distributed decision mechanisms (proof-labeling schemes, etc.), and has received a lot of attention in recent years. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-29 François Le Gall , Masayuki Miyamoto , Harumichi Nishimura

Distributed in-network programs are increasingly deployed in data centers for their performance benefits, but shifting application logic to switches also enlarges the failure domain. Ensuring their correctness before deployment is thus…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Mingyuan Song , Huan Shen , Jinghui Jiang , Qiang Su , Qingyu Song , Lu Tang , Wanjian Feng , Fei Yuan , Qiao Xiang , Jiwu Shu

Recent progress towards theoretical interpretability guarantees for AI has been made with classifiers that are based on interactive proof systems. A prover selects a certificate from the datapoint and sends it to a verifier who decides the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Stephan Wäldchen

Using the measurement-based quantum computation model, we construct interactive proofs with non-communicating quantum provers and a classical verifier. Our construction gives interactive proofs for all languages in BQP with a polynomial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-11-08 Matthew McKague

In multi-prover interactive proofs, the verifier interrogates the provers and attempts to steal their knowledge. Other than that, the verifier's role has not been studied. We have discovered that the verifier plays a much more important…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-02-01 Claude Crépeau , Nan Yang

To develop trustworthy distributed systems, verification techniques and formal methods, including lightweight and practical approaches, have been employed to certify the design or implementation of security protocols. Lightweight formal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Rémi Garcia , Paolo Modesti