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Related papers: Toxicity Inspector: A Framework to Evaluate Ground…

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The task of toxicity detection is still a relevant task, especially in the context of safe and fair LMs development. Nevertheless, labeled binary toxicity classification corpora are not available for all languages, which is understandable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daryna Dementieva , Valeriia Khylenko , Nikolay Babakov , Georg Groh

The rapid growth of scientific literature has made it increasingly difficult for researchers to efficiently discover, evaluate, and synthesize relevant work. Recent advances in multi-agent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Komal Kumar , Aman Chadha , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Hisham Cholakkal

Automated filtering of toxic conversations may help an Open-source software (OSS) community to maintain healthy interactions among the project participants. Although, several general purpose tools exist to identify toxic contents, those may…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Jaydeb Sarker , Asif Kamal Turzo , Amiangshu Bosu

Traditional recommender systems present a relatively static list of recommendations to a user where the feedback is typically limited to an accept/reject or a rating model. However, these simple modes of feedback may only provide limited…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-17 Oznur Alkan , Elizabeth M. Daly , Adi Botea

Toxicity detection algorithms, originally designed with reactive content moderation in mind, are increasingly being deployed into proactive end-user interventions to moderate content. Through a socio-technical lens and focusing on contexts…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Mark Warner , Angelika Strohmayer , Matthew Higgs , Lynne Coventry

To support safety and inclusion in online communications, significant efforts in NLP research have been put towards addressing the problem of abusive content detection, commonly defined as a supervised classification task. The research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Svetlana Kiritchenko , Isar Nejadgholi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in performing complex cognitive tasks. However, their complexity and lack of transparency have raised several trustworthiness concerns, including the propagation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Satyapriya Krishna

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to use external tools unlocks powerful real-world interactions, making rigorous evaluation essential. However, current benchmarks primarily report final accuracy, revealing what models can do but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Qihao Wang , Yue Hu , Mingzhe Lu , Jiayue Wu , Yanbing Liu , Yuanmin Tang

Generic `toxicity' classifiers continue to be used for evaluating the potential for harm in natural language generation, despite mounting evidence of their shortcomings. We consider the challenge of measuring misogyny in natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Aaron J. Snoswell , Lucinda Nelson , Hao Xue , Flora D. Salim , Nicolas Suzor , Jean Burgess

Correctness is one of the more important criteria of qualitative software. However, it is often taught in isolation and most students consider it only as an afterthought. They also do not receive sufficient feedback on code quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Steffen Dick , Christoph Bockisch , Harrie Passier , Lex Bijlsma , Ruurd Kuiper

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly popular but are also prone to generating bias, toxic or harmful language, which can have detrimental effects on individuals and communities. Although most efforts is put to assess and mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Caroline Brun , Vassilina Nikoulina

Human evaluation serves as the gold standard for assessing the quality of Natural Language Generation (NLG) systems. Nevertheless, the evaluation guideline, as a pivotal element ensuring reliable and reproducible human assessment, has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Jie Ruan , Wenqing Wang , Xiaojun Wan

The problem of data contamination is now almost inevitable during the development of large language models (LLMs), with the training data commonly integrating those evaluation benchmarks even unintentionally. This problem subsequently makes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Ruijie Hou , Yueyang Jiao , Hanxu Hu , Yingming Li , Wai Lam , Huajian Zhang , Hongyuan Lu

The increasing reliance on digital information necessitates advancements in conversational search systems, particularly in terms of information transparency. While prior research in conversational information-seeking has concentrated on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Weronika Łajewska , Damiano Spina , Johanne Trippas , Krisztian Balog

Reliable in silico molecular toxicity prediction is a cornerstone of modern drug discovery, offering a scalable alternative to experimental screening. However, the black-box nature of state-of-the-art models remains a significant barrier to…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Kwun Sy Lee , Jiawei Chen , Fuk Sheng Ford Chung , Tianyu Zhao , Zhenyuan Chen , Debby D. Wang

Language models are the new state-of-the-art natural language processing (NLP) models and they are being increasingly used in many NLP tasks. Even though there is evidence that language models are biased, the impact of that bias on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Fatma Elsafoury , Stamos Katsigiannis

Data contamination is a known threat to the reliability of model evaluation. However, it remains underexplored in code large language models (LLMs), where contamination often goes beyond exact duplication. We present TRACER, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Yifeng Di , Xuliang Huang , Tianyi Zhang

In this position paper, we argue that human evaluation of generative large language models (LLMs) should be a multidisciplinary undertaking that draws upon insights from disciplines such as user experience research and human behavioral…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Aparna Elangovan , Ling Liu , Lei Xu , Sravan Bodapati , Dan Roth

Conversational search (CS) has recently become a significant focus of the information retrieval (IR) research community. Multiple studies have been conducted which explore the concept of conversational search. Understanding and advancing…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-04-09 Abhishek Kaushik , Gareth J. F. Jones

Language models (LMs) can reproduce (or amplify) toxic language seen during training, which poses a risk to their practical application. In this paper, we conduct extensive experiments to study this phenomenon. We analyze the impact of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Canwen Xu , Zexue He , Zhankui He , Julian McAuley