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Simulation is crucial for developing and evaluating autonomous vehicle (AV) systems. Recent literature builds on a new generation of generative models to synthesize highly realistic images for full-stack simulation. However, purely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Zehao Zhu , Yuliang Zou , Chiyu Max Jiang , Bo Sun , Vincent Casser , Xiukun Huang , Jiahao Wang , Zhenpei Yang , Ruiqi Gao , Leonidas Guibas , Mingxing Tan , Dragomir Anguelov

Developing autonomous driving systems for complex traffic environments requires balancing multiple objectives, such as avoiding collisions, obeying traffic rules, and making efficient progress. In many situations, these objectives cannot be…

This work introduces interactive traffic scenarios in the CARLA simulator, which are based on real-world traffic. We concentrate on tactical tasks lasting several seconds, which are especially challenging for current control methods. The…

Real-world autonomous driving, particularly in urban environments with numerous corner cases, requires rigorous testing to ensure product safety and robustness. However, few studies have explored integrating adversarial scenario generation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Chuancheng Zhang , Zhenhao Wang , Kaizheng Li , Yaran Lin , Qiang Guo , Bin Jiang

Urban traffic regulation policies are increasingly used to address congestion, emissions, and accessibility in cities, yet their impacts are difficult to assess due to the socio-technical complexity of urban mobility systems. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Arianna Burzacchi , Marco Pistore

Testing and evaluation of robotics systems is a difficult and oftentimes tedious task due to the systems' complexity and a lack of tools to conduct reproducible robotics experiments. Additionally, almost all available tools are either…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Frederik Pasch , Florian Mirus , Yongzhou Zhang , Kay-Ulrich Scholl

A scenario-based testing approach can reduce the time required to obtain statistically significant evidence of the safety of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). Identifying these scenarios in an automated manner is a challenging task. Most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Tobias Hoek , Holger Caesar , Andreas Falkovén , Tommy Johansson

Scenario-based testing is envisioned as a key approach for the safety assurance of autonomous vehicles. In scenario-based testing, relevant (driving) scenarios are the basis of tests. Many recent works focus on specification, variation,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Till Schallau , Stefan Naujokat , Fiona Kullmann , Falk Howar

Achieving fully autonomous driving systems requires learning rational decisions in a wide span of scenarios, including safety-critical and out-of-distribution ones. However, such cases are underrepresented in real-world corpus collected by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Haochen Tian , Tianyu Li , Haochen Liu , Jiazhi Yang , Yihang Qiu , Guang Li , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Hangjun Ye , Tieniu Tan , Long Chen , Hongyang Li

Although Cooperative Driving Automation (CDA) has attracted considerable attention in recent years, there remain numerous open challenges in this field. The gap between existing simulation platforms that mainly concentrate on single-vehicle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Runsheng Xu , Yi Guo , Xu Han , Xin Xia , Hao Xiang , Jiaqi Ma

While Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have established the fundamentals of DNN-based autonomous driving systems, they may exhibit erroneous behaviors and cause fatal accidents. To resolve the safety issues of autonomous driving systems, a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-03-08 Mengshi Zhang , Yuqun Zhang , Lingming Zhang , Cong Liu , Sarfraz Khurshid

Scenario-based testing is a promising approach to solve the challenge of proving the safe behavior of vehicles equipped with automated driving systems. Since an infinite number of concrete scenarios can theoretically occur in real-world…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-04-24 Nico Weber , Christoph Thiem , Ulrich Konigorski

The validation of autonomous driving systems benefits greatly from the ability to generate scenarios that are both realistic and precisely controllable. Conventional approaches, such as real-world test drives, are not only expensive but…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Yizhuo Xiao , Mustafa Suphi Erden , Cheng Wang

The enormous efforts spent on collecting naturalistic driving data in the recent years has resulted in an expansion of publicly available traffic datasets, which has the potential to assist the development of the self-driving vehicles.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2017-08-08 Ding Zhao , Yaohui Guo , Yunhan Jack Jia

Scenario-based methods for the assessment of Automated Vehicles (AVs) are widely supported by many players in the automotive field. Scenarios captured from real-world data can be used to define the scenarios for the assessment and to…

Evaluating and training autonomous driving systems require diverse and scalable corner cases. However, most existing scene generation methods lack controllability, accuracy, and versatility, resulting in unsatisfactory generation results.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Sheng Wang , Ge Sun , Fulong Ma , Tianshuai Hu , Qiang Qin , Yongkang Song , Lei Zhu , Junwei Liang

We present an optimization-based method to plan the motion of an autonomous robot under the uncertainties associated with dynamic obstacles, such as humans. Our method bounds the marginal risk of collisions at each point in time by…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-24 O. de Groot , B. Brito , L. Ferranti , D. Gavrila , J. Alonso-Mora

The generation of realistic and diverse traffic scenarios in simulation is essential for developing and evaluating autonomous driving systems. However, most simulation frameworks rely on rule-based or simplified models for scene generation,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jiaguo Tian , Zhengbang Zhu , Shenyu Zhang , Li Xu , Bo Zheng , Xu Liu , Weiji Peng , Shizeng Yao , Weinan Zhang

The introduction of automated vehicles without permanent human supervision demands a functional system description, including functional system boundaries and a comprehensive safety analysis. These inputs to the technical development can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Gerrit Bagschik , Till Menzel , Markus Maurer

Simulation of autonomous vehicle systems requires that simulated traffic participants exhibit diverse and realistic behaviors. The use of prerecorded real-world traffic scenarios in simulation ensures realism but the rarity of safety…

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