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Fact-seeking question answering with large language models (LLMs) remains unreliable when answers depend on up-to-date or conflicting information. Although retrieval-augmented and tool-using LLMs reduce hallucinations, they often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Auksarapak Kietkajornrit , Jad Tarifi , Nima Asgharbeygi

Humankind's understanding of the world is fundamentally linked to our perception and cognition, with \emph{human languages} serving as one of the major carriers of \emph{world knowledge}. In this vein, \emph{Large Language Models} (LLMs)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Huajun Chen

As the use of large language models (LLMs) expands rapidly, so does the range of knowledge needed to supplement various LLM queries. Thus, enabling flexible and efficient injection of new knowledge in LLM inference is critical. Three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Yihua Cheng , Kuntai Du , Jiayi Yao , Junchen Jiang

Knowledge graphs (KGs) are crucial for representing and reasoning over structured information, supporting a wide range of applications such as information retrieval, question answering, and decision-making. However, their effectiveness is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Kassiani Papasotiriou , Jared Vann , Sumitra Ganesh

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in a multitude of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, they encounter challenges in practical applications, including issues with hallucinations, inadequate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Yihao Li , Ru Zhang , Jianyi Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive proficiency in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, which involve increasingly complex reasoning. Knowledge reasoning, a primary type of reasoning, aims at deriving new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Yifei Zhang , Xintao Wang , Jiaqing Liang , Sirui Xia , Lida Chen , Yanghua Xiao

The performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) is intrinsically linked to the quality of its training data. Although several studies have proposed methods for high-quality data selection, they do not consider the importance of knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Feiyu Duan , Xuemiao Zhang , Sirui Wang , Haoran Que , Yuqi Liu , Wenge Rong , Xunliang Cai

Since the recent prosperity of Large Language Models (LLMs), there have been interleaved discussions regarding how to reduce hallucinations from LLM responses, how to increase the factuality of LLMs, and whether Knowledge Graphs (KGs),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Kai Sun , Yifan Ethan Xu , Hanwen Zha , Yue Liu , Xin Luna Dong

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at generating natural language answers, yet their outputs often remain unverifiable and difficult to trace. Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offer a complementary strength by representing entities and their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Alfonso Amayuelas , Joy Sain , Simerjot Kaur , Charese Smiley

In this paper, we present a novel diagnostic framework that integrates Knowledge Graphs (KGs) and Large Language Models (LLMs) to support system diagnostics in high-reliability systems such as nuclear power plants. Traditional diagnostic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Saman Marandi , Yu-Shu Hu , Mohammad Modarres

Large language models (LLMs) often require vast amounts of text to effectively acquire new knowledge. While continuing pre-training on large corpora or employing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has proven successful, updating an LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Hugo Abonizio , Thales Almeida , Roberto Lotufo , Rodrigo Nogueira

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise but remain challenging to continually improve through traditional finetuning, particularly when integrating capabilities from other specialized LLMs. Popular methods like ensemble…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Zhenglun Kong , Zheng Zhan , Shiyue Hou , Yifan Gong , Xin Meng , Pengwei Sui , Peiyan Dong , Xuan Shen , Zifeng Wang , Pu Zhao , Hao Tang , Stratis Ioannidis , Yanzhi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across tasks such as mathematics, coding, and reasoning, yet their learning ability, which is crucial for adapting to dynamic environments and acquiring new knowledge, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Zhengyu Hu , Jianxun Lian , Zheyuan Xiao , Seraphina Zhang , Tianfu Wang , Nicholas Jing Yuan , Xing Xie , Hui Xiong

Relational knowledge bases (KBs) are commonly used to represent world knowledge in machines. However, while advantageous for their high degree of precision and interpretability, KBs are usually organized according to manually-defined…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Tara Safavi , Danai Koutra

Previous work has showcased the intriguing capability of large language models (LLMs) in retrieving facts and processing context knowledge. However, only limited research exists on the layer-wise capability of LLMs to encode knowledge,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Tianjie Ju , Weiwei Sun , Wei Du , Xinwei Yuan , Zhaochun Ren , Gongshen Liu

Card sorting is a common ideation technique that elicits information on users' mental organization of content and functionality by having them sort items into categories. For more robust card sorting research, digital card sorting tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Eduard Kuric , Peter Demcak , Matus Krajcovic

Integrating large language models (LLMs) with rule-based reasoning offers a powerful solution for improving the flexibility and reliability of Knowledge Base Completion (KBC). Traditional rule-based KBC methods offer verifiable reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Qiyuan He , Jianfei Yu , Wenya Wang

Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to provide up-to-date information due to their one-time training and the constantly evolving nature of the world. To keep LLMs current, existing approaches typically involve continued pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Xiaoying Zhang , Baolin Peng , Ye Tian , Jingyan Zhou , Yipeng Zhang , Haitao Mi , Helen Meng

In this paper, we propose Knowledge Base augmented Language Model (KBLaM), a new method for augmenting Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. KBLaM works with a knowledge base (KB) constructed from a corpus of documents,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Xi Wang , Taketomo Isazawa , Liana Mikaelyan , James Hensman

Logs play a critical role in providing essential information for system monitoring and troubleshooting. Recently, with the success of pre-trained language models (PLMs) and large language models (LLMs) in natural language processing (NLP),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Lipeng Ma , Weidong Yang , Sihang Jiang , Ben Fei , Mingjie Zhou , Shuhao Li , Mingyu Zhao , Bo Xu , Yanghua Xiao