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Modern Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive performances in user-facing tasks such as question answering, as well as consistent improvements in reasoning capabilities. Still, the way these models encode knowledge seems…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Davide Cavicchini , Fausto Giunchiglia , Jacopo Staiano

Previous works show the great potential of pre-trained language models (PLMs) for storing a large amount of factual knowledge. However, to figure out whether PLMs can be reliable knowledge sources and used as alternative knowledge bases…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Daniel Gao , Yantao Jia , Lei Li , Chengzhen Fu , Zhicheng Dou , Hao Jiang , Xinyu Zhang , Lei Chen , Zhao Cao

The large set of technical documentation of legacy accelerator systems, coupled with the retirement of experienced personnel, underscores the urgent need for efficient methods to preserve and transfer specialized knowledge. This paper…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Qing Dai , Rasmus Ischebeck , Maruisz Sapinski , Adam Grycner

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have proven to be effective for document re-ranking task. However, they lack the ability to fully interpret the semantics of biomedical and health-care queries and often rely on simplistic patterns for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Deepak Gupta , Dina Demner-Fushman

Despite their impressive performance on diverse tasks, large language models (LMs) still struggle with tasks requiring rich world knowledge, implying the limitations of relying solely on their parameters to encode a wealth of world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Alex Mallen , Akari Asai , Victor Zhong , Rajarshi Das , Daniel Khashabi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi

While Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge during pre-training, they often lack domain-specific, new, or niche information. Continual pre-training (CPT) attempts to address this gap but suffers from catastrophic forgetting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Oded Ovadia , Meni Brief , Rachel Lemberg , Eitam Sheetrit

Large language models (LLMs) encode vast amounts of pre-trained knowledge in their parameters, but updating them as real-world information evolves remains a challenge. Existing methodologies and benchmarks primarily target entity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Aochong Oliver Li , Tanya Goyal

Despite exceptional capabilities in knowledge-intensive tasks, Large Language Models (LLMs) face a critical gap in understanding how they internalize new knowledge, particularly how to structurally embed acquired knowledge in their neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yixin Ou , Yunzhi Yao , Ningyu Zhang , Hui Jin , Jiacheng Sun , Shumin Deng , Zhenguo Li , Huajun Chen

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have facilitated the development of chatbots with sophisticated conversational capabilities. However, LLMs exhibit frequent inaccurate responses to queries, hindering applications in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Blake Castleman , Mehmet Kerem Turkcan

Large language models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention for their superior performance in many knowledge-driven applications on the world wide web.These models are designed to train hundreds of millions or more parameters on large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Bingchen Liu , Yuanyuan Fang , Naixing Xu , Shihao Hou , Xin Li , Qian Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at tackling various natural language tasks. However, due to the significant costs involved in re-training or fine-tuning them, they remain largely static and difficult to personalize. Nevertheless, a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jinheon Baek , Nirupama Chandrasekaran , Silviu Cucerzan , Allen herring , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Deep learning models for natural language processing (NLP) are increasingly adopted and deployed by analysts without formal training in NLP or machine learning (ML). However, the documentation intended to convey the model's details and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Anamaria Crisan , Margaret Drouhard , Jesse Vig , Nazneen Rajani

While current large language models (LLMs) perform well on many knowledge-related tasks, they are limited by relying on their parameters as an implicit storage mechanism. As a result, they struggle with memorizing rare events and with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Ali Modarressi , Abdullatif Köksal , Ayyoob Imani , Mohsen Fayyaz , Hinrich Schütze

This paper introduces a multifaceted methodology for fine-tuning and evaluating large language models (LLMs) for specialized monetization tasks. The goal is to balance general language proficiency with domain-specific skills. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Zheng Zhang , Chen Zheng , Da Tang , Ke Sun , Yukun Ma , Yingtong Bu , Xun Zhou , Liang Zhao

There is vivid research on adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) to perform a variety of tasks in high-stakes domains such as healthcare. Despite their popularity, there is a lack of understanding of the extent and contributing factors that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Anand Subramanian , Viktor Schlegel , Abhinav Ramesh Kashyap , Thanh-Tung Nguyen , Vijay Prakash Dwivedi , Stefan Winkler

Integrating knowledge graphs (KGs) into the reasoning processes of large language models (LLMs) has emerged as a promising approach to mitigate hallucination. However, existing work in this area often relies on proprietary or extremely…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Yi-Jie Cheng , Oscar Chew , Yun-Nung Chen

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) has revolutionized the field of natural language processing, enabling significant progress in various applications. One key area of interest is the construction of Knowledge Bases (KB) using these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Anmol Nayak , Hari Prasad Timmapathini

Large Language Models (LLMs) require continuous updates to maintain accurate and current knowledge as the world evolves. While existing knowledge editing approaches offer various solutions for knowledge updating, they often struggle with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Zichuan Fu , Xian Wu , Guojing Li , Yingying Zhang , Yefeng Zheng , Tianshi Ming , Yejing Wang , Wanyu Wang , Xiangyu Zhao

Dynamically integrating new or rapidly evolving information after (Large) Language Model pre-training remains challenging, particularly in low-data scenarios or when dealing with private and specialized documents. In-context learning and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Lucas Caccia , Alan Ansell , Edoardo Ponti , Ivan Vulić , Alessandro Sordoni

Service robots need common-sense knowledge to help humans in everyday situations as it enables them to understand the context of their actions. However, approaches that use ontologies face a challenge because common-sense knowledge is often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Felix Ocker , Jörg Deigmöller , Julian Eggert
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