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Related papers: NLG Evaluation Metrics Beyond Correlation Analysis…

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Alignment with human preferences is an important step in developing accurate and safe large language models. This is no exception in machine translation (MT), where better handling of language nuances and context-specific variations leads…

For evaluating generation systems, automatic metrics such as BLEU cost nothing to run but have been shown to correlate poorly with human judgment, leading to systematic bias against certain model improvements. On the other hand, averaging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-09 Arun Tejasvi Chaganty , Stephen Mussman , Percy Liang

The quality of automatic metrics for machine translation has been increasingly called into question, especially for high-quality systems. This paper demonstrates that, while choice of metric is important, the nature of the references is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Markus Freitag , David Grangier , Isaac Caswell

Automatic evaluation for open-ended natural language generation tasks remains a challenge. Existing metrics such as BLEU show a low correlation with human judgment. We propose a novel and powerful learning-based evaluation metric:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Jing Gu , Qingyang Wu , Zhou Yu

Evaluation practices in natural language generation (NLG) have many known flaws, but improved evaluation approaches are rarely widely adopted. This issue has become more urgent, since neural NLG models have improved to the point where they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Sebastian Gehrmann , Elizabeth Clark , Thibault Sellam

An ongoing debate in the NLG community concerns the best way to evaluate systems, with human evaluation often being considered the most reliable method, compared to corpus-based metrics. However, tasks involving subtle textual differences,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Lorenzo De Mattei , Michele Cafagna , Huiyuan Lai , Felice Dell'Orletta , Malvina Nissim , Albert Gatt

The evaluation of natural language generation (NLG) tasks is a significant and longstanding research area. With the recent emergence of powerful large language models (LLMs), some studies have turned to LLM-based automatic evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Xinyu Hu , Li Lin , Mingqi Gao , Xunjian Yin , Xiaojun Wan

Recent research has increasingly focused on evaluating large language models' (LLMs) alignment with diverse human values and preferences, particularly for open-ended tasks like story generation. Traditional evaluation metrics rely heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Danqing Wang , Kevin Yang , Hanlin Zhu , Xiaomeng Yang , Andrew Cohen , Lei Li , Yuandong Tian

Being able to rank the similarity of short text segments is an interesting bonus feature of neural machine translation. Translation-based similarity measures include direct and pivot translation probability, as well as translation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Jannis Vamvas , Rico Sennrich

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated great potential as evaluators of NLG systems, allowing for high-quality, reference-free, and multi-aspect assessments. However, existing LLM-based metrics suffer from two major drawbacks:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Ivan Kartáč , Mateusz Lango , Ondřej Dušek

Automatic systems are increasingly used to assess the originality of responses in creative tasks. They offer a potential solution to key limitations of human assessment (cost, fatigue, and subjectivity), but there is preliminary evidence of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Umberto Domanti , Moritz Mock , Sergio Agnoli , Antonella De Angeli

Fast and reliable evaluation metrics are key to R&D progress. While traditional natural language generation metrics are fast, they are not very reliable. Conversely, new metrics based on large pretrained language models are much more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Moussa Kamal Eddine , Guokan Shang , Antoine J. -P. Tixier , Michalis Vazirgiannis

Pretraining-based (PT-based) automatic evaluation metrics (e.g., BERTScore and BARTScore) have been widely used in several sentence generation tasks (e.g., machine translation and text summarization) due to their better correlation with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-04 Peiyuan Gong , Xuebo Liu , Heyan Huang , Min Zhang

Many automatic evaluation metrics have been proposed to score the overall quality of a response in open-domain dialogue. Generally, the overall quality is comprised of various aspects, such as relevancy, specificity, and empathy, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Vitou Phy , Yang Zhao , Akiko Aizawa

Neural machine translation (NMT) models are conventionally trained with token-level negative log-likelihood (NLL), which does not guarantee that the generated translations will be optimized for a selected sequence-level evaluation metric.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Raphael Shu , Kang Min Yoo , Jung-Woo Ha

In recent years, machine learning models have rapidly become better at generating clinical consultation notes; yet, there is little work on how to properly evaluate the generated consultation notes to understand the impact they may have on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Francesco Moramarco , Alex Papadopoulos Korfiatis , Mark Perera , Damir Juric , Jack Flann , Ehud Reiter , Anya Belz , Aleksandar Savkov

Summary assessment involves evaluating how well a generated summary reflects the key ideas and meaning of the source text, requiring a deep understanding of the content. Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used to automate this process,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zahra Sadeghi , Evangelos Milios , Frank Rudzicz

Machine Translation (MT) evaluation metrics assess translation quality automatically. Recently, researchers have employed MT metrics for various new use cases, such as data filtering and translation re-ranking. However, most MT metrics…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Stefano Perrella , Lorenzo Proietti , Pere-Lluís Huguet Cabot , Edoardo Barba , Roberto Navigli

In Machine Translation (MT) evaluation, metric performance is assessed based on agreement with human judgments. In recent years, automatic metrics have demonstrated increasingly high levels of agreement with humans. To gain a clearer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Lorenzo Proietti , Stefano Perrella , Roberto Navigli

Language models (LMs) as conversational assistants recently became popular tools that help people accomplish a variety of tasks. These typically result from adapting LMs pretrained on general domain text sequences through further…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Milan Gritta , Gerasimos Lampouras , Ignacio Iacobacci
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