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In scientific research, the ability to effectively retrieve relevant documents based on complex, multifaceted queries is critical. Existing evaluation datasets for this task are limited, primarily due to the high cost and effort required to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jianyou Wang , Kaicheng Wang , Xiaoyue Wang , Prudhviraj Naidu , Leon Bergen , Ramamohan Paturi

This work explores knowledge distillation (KD) for visually-rich document (VRD) applications such as document layout analysis (DLA) and document image classification (DIC). While VRD research is dependent on increasingly sophisticated and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jordy Van Landeghem , Subhajit Maity , Ayan Banerjee , Matthew Blaschko , Marie-Francine Moens , Josep Lladós , Sanket Biswas

Generative retrieval (GR) reformulates the Information Retrieval (IR) task as the generation of document identifiers (docIDs). Despite its promise, existing GR models exhibit poor generalization to newly added documents, often failing to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Zhen Zhang , Zihan Wang , Xinyu Ma , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin , Xin Xin , Pengjie Ren , Maarten de Rijke , Zhaochun Ren

Current tasks and methods in Document Understanding aims to process documents as single elements. However, documents are usually organized in collections (historical records, purchase invoices), that provide context useful for their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Rubèn Tito , Dimosthenis Karatzas , Ernest Valveny

This paper surveys the current state of the art in document automation (DA). The objective of DA is to reduce the manual effort during the generation of documents by automatically creating and integrating input from different sources and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Mohammad Ahmadi Achachlouei , Omkar Patil , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair

Document AI aims to automatically analyze documents by leveraging natural language processing and computer vision techniques. One of the major tasks of Document AI is document layout analysis, which structures document pages by interpreting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Sotirios Kastanas , Shaomu Tan , Yi He

The use of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has improved Large Language Models (LLMs) in collaborating with external data, yet significant challenges exist in real-world scenarios. In areas such as academic literature and finance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Yulong Hui , Yao Lu , Huanchen Zhang

This paper surveys the current state of the art in document automation (DA). The objective of DA is to reduce the manual effort during the generation of documents by automatically integrating input from different sources and assembling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Mohammad Ahmadi Achachlouei , Omkar Patil , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair

The rapid advancements in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have significantly enhanced capabilities in Document Understanding. However, prevailing benchmarks like DocVQA and ChartQA predominantly comprise \textit{scanned or digital}…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 An-Lan Wang , Jingqun Tang , Liao Lei , Hao Feng , Qi Liu , Xiang Fei , Jinghui Lu , Han Wang , Weiwei Liu , Hao Liu , Yuliang Liu , Xiang Bai , Can Huang

Along with the successful deployment of deep neural networks in several application domains, the need to unravel the black-box nature of these networks has seen a significant increase recently. Several methods have been introduced to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Adam Ivankay , Mattia Rigotti , Pascal Frossard

In recent years, image editing models have made significant progress, enabling users to manipulate visual content in a flexible and interactive manner through natural language instructions. However, an important yet underexplored research…

Enterprise documents such as forms, invoices, receipts, reports, contracts, and other similar records, often carry rich semantics at the intersection of textual and spatial modalities. The visual cues offered by their complex layouts play a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Dongsheng Wang , Natraj Raman , Mathieu Sibue , Zhiqiang Ma , Petr Babkin , Simerjot Kaur , Yulong Pei , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xiaomo Liu

Large ground-truth datasets and recent advances in deep learning techniques have been useful for layout detection. However, because of the restricted layout diversity of these datasets, training on them requires a sizable number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Avinash Anand , Raj Jaiswal , Mohit Gupta , Siddhesh S Bangar , Pijush Bhuyan , Naman Lal , Rajeev Singh , Ritika Jha , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Shin'ichi Satoh

We propose Universal Document Processing (UDOP), a foundation Document AI model which unifies text, image, and layout modalities together with varied task formats, including document understanding and generation. UDOP leverages the spatial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Zineng Tang , Ziyi Yang , Guoxin Wang , Yuwei Fang , Yang Liu , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng , Cha Zhang , Mohit Bansal

As black-box AI-driven decision-making systems become increasingly widespread in modern document processing workflows, improving their transparency and reliability has become critical, especially in high-stakes applications where biases or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Saifullah Saifullah , Stefan Agne , Andreas Dengel , Sheraz Ahmed

Abstractive summarization has made significant strides in condensing and rephrasing large volumes of text into coherent summaries. However, summarizing administrative documents presents unique challenges due to domain-specific terminology,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Phan Phuong Mai Chau , Souhail Bakkali , Antoine Doucet

The advent of multimodal learning has brought a significant improvement in document AI. Documents are now treated as multimodal entities, incorporating both textual and visual information for downstream analysis. However, works in this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Nikitha SR , Tarun Ram Menta , Mausoom Sarkar

Recent advancements in Document Layout Analysis through Large Language Models and Multimodal Models have significantly improved layout detection. However, despite these improvements, challenges remain in addressing critical structural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Inbum Heo , Taewook Hwang , Jeesu Jung , Sangkeun Jung

Document AI (DAI) has emerged as a vital application area, and is significantly transformed by the advent of large language models (LLMs). While earlier approaches relied on encoder-decoder architectures, decoder-only LLMs have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Weishi Wang , Hengchang Hu , Zhijie Zhang , Zhaochen Li , Hongxin Shao , Daniel Dahlmeier

We present our solution to the AAAI-25 VRD-IU challenge, achieving first place in the competition. Our approach integrates large margin loss for improved feature discrimination and employs heuristic rules to refine hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Duong Anh Kiet