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A Wigner crystal, a regular electron lattice arising from strong correlation effects, is one of the earliest predicted collective electronic states. This many-body state exhibits quantum and classical phase transitions and has been proposed…

The competition between Coulomb repulsion and kinetic energy in correlated systems can allow electrons to crystallize into Wigner solids. Despite researches across diverse two-dimensional Wigner platforms, the microscopic melting processes…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-06 Chaofei Liu , Jianwang Zhou , Wenao Liao , Zeyu Jiang , Chao Zhang , Tingfei Guo , Tianyou Zhai , Wenhao Zhang , Ying-Shuang Fu , Qi-Kun Xue

Wigner crystals are typically confined to ultralow temperatures where thermal motion is frozen out. Moir\'e superlattices in twisted two-dimensional materials have extended their stability to higher temperatures and densities, but rely on…

Semiconductor moir\'e superlattices provide a versatile platform to engineer new quantum solids composed of artificial atoms on moir\'e sites. Previous studies have mostly focused on the simplest correlated quantum solid - the Fermi-Hubbard…

Moir\'e superlattices are emerging as a new route for engineering strongly correlated electronic states in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, as recently demonstrated in the correlated insulating and superconducting states in…

Recent experiments have established that semiconductor-based moir\'e materials can host incompressible states at a series of fractional moir\'e-miniband fillings. These states have been identified as generalized Wigner crystals in which…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-07-21 Nicolás Morales-Durán , Pawel Potasz , Allan H. MacDonald

Eugene Wigner predicted long ago that when the Coulomb interactions between electrons become much stronger than their kinetic energy, electrons crystallize into a closely packed lattice. A variety of two-dimensional systems have shown…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Yen-Chen Tsui , Minhao He , Yuwen Hu , Ethan Lake , Taige Wang , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Michael P. Zaletel , Ali Yazdani

Using many-body configuration interaction techniques we show that Wigner crystallization occurs at the zigzag edges of graphene at surprisingly high electronic densities up to $0.8$ $\mbox{nm}^{-1}$. In contrast with one-dimensional…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-02-17 A. D. Güçlü

When a strong magnetic field is applied perpendicularly (along z) to a sheet confining electrons to two dimensions (x-y), highly correlated states emerge as a result of the interplay between electron-electron interactions, confinement and…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-04-27 B. A. Piot , Z. Jiang , C. R. Dean , L. W. Engel , G. Gervais , L. N. Pfeiffer , K. W. West

Recent experiments [arXiv: 1808.07865] on twisted bilayer graphene (TBLG) show that under hydrostatic pressure, an insulating state at quarter-filling of the moir\'e superlattice (i.e., one charge per supercell) emerges, in sharp contrast…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-05-29 Bikash Padhi , Philip Phillips

We devise a model to explain why twisted bi-layer graphene (TBLG) exhibits insulating behavior when $\nu=2,3$ charges occupy a unit moir\'e cell, a feature attributed to Mottness, but not for $\nu=1$, clearly inconsistent with Mott…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-10-15 Bikash Padhi , Chandan Setty , Philip W. Phillips

The Wigner crystal state, first predicted by Eugene Wigner in 1934, has fascinated condensed matter physicists for nearly 90 years2-14. Studies of two-dimensional (2D) electron gases first revealed signatures of the Wigner crystal in…

When the Coulomb repulsion between electrons dominates over their kinetic energy, electrons in two dimensional systems were predicted to spontaneously break continuous translation symmetry and form a quantum crystal. Efforts to observe this…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 T. Smoleński , P. E. Dolgirev , C. Kuhlenkamp , A. Popert , Y. Shimazaki , P. Back , M. Kroner , K. Watanabe , T. Taniguchi , I. Esterlis , E. Demler , A. Imamoğlu

Recent experiments on the twisted transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) material, $\rm WSe_2/WS_2$, have observed insulating states at fractional occupancy of the moir\'e bands. Such states were conceived as generalized Wigner crystals…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-03-31 Bikash Padhi , R. Chitra , Philip W. Phillips

In a certain regime of low carrier densities and strong correlations, electrons can crystallize into a periodic arrangement of charge known as Wigner crystal. Such phases are particularly interesting in one dimension (1D) as they display a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2021-11-01 Anuva Aishwarya , Sean Howard , Bikash Padhi , Lihai Wang , Sang-Wook Cheong , Philip W. Phillips , Vidya Madhavan

The ground state energy and the lowest excitations of a two dimensional Wigner crystal in a perpendicular magnetic field with one and two electrons per cell is investigated. In case of two electrons per lattice site, the interaction of the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 M. Taut

Moir\'e superlattices are excellent platforms to realize strongly correlated quantum phenomena, such as Mott insulation and superconductivity. In particular, recent research has revealed stripe phases and generalized Wigner crystals at…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-07-20 Erfu Liu , Takashi Taniguchi , Kenji Watanabe , Nathaniel M. Gabor , Yong-Tao Cui , Chun Hung Lui

When the Coulomb interaction dominates over kinetic energy, electrons can crystallize into a Wigner crystal (WC). This paradigmatic correlated electronic phase has been realized in two-dimensional electron gases with parabolic band…

Lattice Wigner crystal states stabilized by long-range Coulomb interactions have recently been realized in two-dimensional moir\'e materials. We employ large-scale unrestricted Hartree-Fock techniques to unveil the magnetic phase diagrams…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-06-22 Nitin Kaushal , Nicolás Morales-Durán , Allan H. MacDonald , Elbio Dagotto

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) constitute an intriguing platform for studying charge-ordered states including conventional and generalized Wigner crystals as well as Mott insulating states. In this work, we combine a phonon mode…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-10-18 Daniel Erkensten , Samuel Brem , Raul Perea-Causin , Ermin Malic
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