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Digital Twins (DTs) are virtual representations of physical objects or processes that can collect information from the real environment to represent, validate, and replicate the physical twin's present and future behavior. The DTs are…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-26 S M Mostaq Hossain , Sohag Kumar Saha , Shampa Banik , Trapa Banik

Success in racing requires a unique combination of vehicle setup, understanding of the racetrack, and human expertise. Since building and testing many different vehicle configurations in the real world is prohibitively expensive,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 John Subosits , Jenna Lee , Shawn Manuel , Paul Tylkin , Avinash Balachandran

Autonomous driving has rapidly evolved through synergistic developments in hardware and artificial intelligence. This comprehensive review investigates traffic datasets and simulators as dual pillars supporting autonomous vehicle (AV)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Supriya Sarker , Brent Maples , Iftekharul Islam , Muyang Fan , Christos Papadopoulos , Weizi Li

Simulation-based testing is a cornerstone of Autonomous Driving System (ADS) development, offering safe and scalable evaluation across diverse driving scenarios. However, discrepancies between simulated and real-world behavior, known as the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Stefano Carlo Lambertenghi , Mirena Flores Valdez , Andrea Stocco

Digital twins (DTs), which are virtual environments that simulate, predict, and optimize the performance of their physical counterparts, hold great promise in revolutionizing next-generation wireless networks. While DTs have been…

Currently, the most prevalent way to evaluate an autonomous vehicle is to directly test it on the public road. However, because of recent accidents caused by autonomous vehicles, it becomes controversial about whether on-road tests should…

Applications · Statistics 2018-09-11 Zhiyuan Huang , Mansur Arief , Henry Lam , Ding Zhao

Digital twinning of vehicles is an iconic application of digital twins, as the concept of twinning dates back to the twinning of NASA space vehicles. Although digital twins (DTs) in the automotive industry have been recognized for their…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Robert Klar , Niklas Arvidsson , Vangelis Angelakis

With growing complexity and responsibility of automated driving functions in road traffic and growing scope of their operational design domains, there is increasing demand for covering significant parts of development, validation, and…

Automotive software increasingly outpaces hardware availability, forcing late integration and expensive hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) bottlenecks. The InnoRegioChallenge project investigated whether a virtual test and integration environment…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sebastian Dingler , Frederik Boenke

Software-in-the-loop (SIL) simulation is a widely used method for the rapid development and testing of autonomous vehicles because of its flexibility and efficiency. This paper presents a case study on the validation of an in-house…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Zhennan Fei , Mikael Andersson , Andreas Tingberg

The design and evaluation of complex systems can benefit from a software simulation - sometimes called a digital twin. The simulation can be used to characterize system performance or to test its performance under conditions that are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Zhenyi Liu , Devesh Shah , Alireza Rahimpour , Devesh Upadhyay , Joyce Farrell , Brian A Wandell

Modeling and simulation of autonomous vehicles plays a crucial role in achieving enterprise-scale realization that aligns with technical, business and regulatory requirements. Contemporary trends in digital lifecycle treatment have proven…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Chinmay Vilas Samak , Tanmay Vilas Samak

Simulation frameworks have been key enablers for the development and validation of autonomous driving systems. However, existing methods struggle to comprehensively address the autonomy-oriented requirements of balancing: (i) dynamical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Tanmay Vilas Samak , Chinmay Vilas Samak , Bing Li , Venkat Krovi

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a promising solution for autonomous vehicles to deal with complex and uncertain traffic environments. The RL training process is however expensive, unsafe, and time consuming. Algorithms are often developed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Kevin Voogd , Jean Pierre Allamaa , Javier Alonso-Mora , Tong Duy Son

Autonomous cars are well known for being vulnerable to adversarial attacks that can compromise the safety of the car and pose danger to other road users. To effectively defend against adversaries, it is required to not only test autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Aizaz Sharif , Dusica Marijan

Simulators are widely used to test Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS), but their potential flakiness can lead to inconsistent test results. We investigate test flakiness in simulation-based testing of ADS by addressing two key questions: (1)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Mohammad Hossein Amini , Shervin Naseri , Shiva Nejati

While automated driving technology has achieved a tremendous progress, the scalable and rigorous testing and verification of safe automated and autonomous driving vehicles remain challenging. This paper proposes a learning-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Andrea Favrin , Vladislav Nenchev , Angelo Cenedese

Traffic safety is a critical concern in transportation engineering and urban planning. Traditional traffic safety analysis requires trained observers to collect data in the field, which is time-consuming, labor-intensive, and sometimes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-14 Guanhao Xu , Jianfei Chen , Zejiang Wang , Anye Zhou , Max Schrader , Joshua Bittle , Yunli Shao

Industry 4.0 represents a major technological shift that has the potential to transform the manufacturing industry, making it more efficient, productive, and sustainable. Smart farming is a concept that involves the use of advanced…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Alexander Barbie , Wilhelm Hasselbring , Malte Hansen

Autonomous racing has emerged as a crucial testbed for autonomous driving algorithms, necessitating a simulation environment for both vehicle dynamics and sensor behavior. Striking the right balance between vehicle dynamics and sensor…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Maurice Brunner , Edoardo Ghignone , Nicolas Baumann , Michele Magno