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Verification and validation (V&V) of autonomous vehicles (AVs) typically requires exhaustive testing across a variety of operating environments and driving scenarios including rare, extreme, or hazardous situations that might be difficult…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tanmay Vilas Samak , Chinmay Vilas Samak , Giovanni Martino , Pranav Nair , Venkat Krovi

The increased use of software in the operation and management of telecommunication networks has moved the industry one step closer to realizing autonomous network operation. One consequence of this shift is the significantly increased need…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Shenjia Ding , David Flynn , Paul Harvey

This paper presents the validation of shared control strategies for critical maneuvers in automated driving systems. Shared control involves collaboration between the driver and automation, allowing both parties to actively engage and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Mauricio Marcano , Joseba Sarabia , Asier Zubizarreta , Sergio Díaz

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

There is a growing body of research on developing testing techniques for Deep Neural Networks (DNN). We distinguish two general modes of testing for DNNs: Offline testing where DNNs are tested as individual units based on test datasets…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Fitash Ul Haq , Donghwan Shin , Shiva Nejati , Lionel Briand

Simulation-based testing remains the main approach for validating Autonomous Driving Systems. We propose a rigorous test method based on breaking down scenarios into simple ones, taking into account the fact that autopilots make decisions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Changwen Li , Joseph Sifakis , Rongjie Yan , Jian Zhang

Road inspection is crucial for maintaining road serviceability and ensuring traffic safety, as road defects gradually develop and compromise functionality. Traditional inspection methods, which rely on manual evaluations, are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Yikang Zhang , Chuang-Wei Liu , Jiahang Li , Yingbing Chen , Jie Cheng , Rui Fan

Automated driving systems are an integral part of the automotive industry. Tools such as Robot Operating System and simulators support their development. However, in the end, the developers must test their algorithms on a real vehicle. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jiri Vlasak , Jaroslav Klapálek , Adam Kollarčík , Michal Sojka , Zdeněk Hanzálek

In recent years, digital twins have been proposed and implemented in various fields with potential applications ranging from prototyping to maintenance. Going forward, they are to enable numerous efficient and sustainable technologies,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Liliana Marie Prikler , Franz Wotawa

Simulation is a fundamental tool in developing autonomous vehicles, enabling rigorous testing without the logistical and safety challenges associated with real-world trials. As autonomous vehicle technologies evolve and public safety…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Yuankai He , Hanlin Chen , Weisong Shi

Simulation is one of the most essential parts in the development stage of automotive software. However, purely virtual simulations often struggle to accurately capture all real-world factors due to limitations in modeling. To address this…

Safety validation is a crucial component in the development and deployment of autonomous systems, such as self-driving vehicles and robotic systems. Ensuring safe operation necessitates extensive testing and verification of control…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-05-11 Ali Baheri , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are being rapidly introduced into our lives. However, public misunderstanding and mistrust have become prominent issues hindering the acceptance of these driverless technologies. The primary objective of this study…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Zhijie Qiao , Helen Loeb , Venkata Gurrla , Matt Lebermann , Johannes Betz , Rahul Mangharam

Autonomous vehicles are increasingly introduced into our lives. Yet, people's misunderstanding and mistrust have become the major obstacles to the use of these technologies. In response to this problem, proper work must be done to increase…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Zhijie Qiao , Xiatao Sun , Helen Loeb , Rahul Mangharam

This paper explores the opportunities of using a digital twin to address the complexities of collaborative production systems through an industrial case and a demonstrator. A digital twin, as a virtual counterpart of a physical human-robot…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Ali Ahmad Malik , Alexander Brem

Scenario-based testing has emerged as a common method for autonomous vehicles (AVs) safety assessment, offering a more efficient alternative to mile-based testing by focusing on high-risk scenarios. However, fundamental questions persist…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Xingyu Zhao , Robab Aghazadeh-Chakherlou , Chih-Hong Cheng , Peter Popov , Lorenzo Strigini

Testing with simulation environments helps to identify critical failing scenarios for self-driving cars (SDCs). Simulation-based tests are safer than in-field operational tests and allow detecting software defects before deployment.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Christian Birchler , Sajad Khatiri , Pouria Derakhshanfar , Sebastiano Panichella , Annibale Panichella

Testing of autonomous systems is extremely important as many of them are both safety-critical and security-critical. The architecture and mechanism of such systems are fundamentally different from traditional control software, which appears…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Qunying Song , Emelie Engström , Per Runeson

The development of software components for autonomous driving functions should always include an extensive and rigorous evaluation. Since real-world testing is expensive and safety-critical -- especially when facing dynamic racing scenarios…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-18 Tim Stahl , Johannes Betz

Autonomous driving systems continue to face safety-critical failures, often triggered by rare and unpredictable corner cases that evade conventional testing. We present the Autonomous Driving Digital Twin (ADDT) framework, a high-fidelity…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Bo Yu , Chaoran Yuan , Zishen Wan , Jie Tang , Fadi Kurdahi , Shaoshan Liu