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Stein variational gradient descent (SVGD) [Liu and Wang, 2016] performs approximate Bayesian inference by representing the posterior with a set of particles. However, SVGD suffers from variance collapse, i.e. poor predictions due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Ola Rønning , Eric Nalisnick , Christophe Ley , Padhraic Smyth , Thomas Hamelryck

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an advanced technique for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface physical parameters by progressively minimizing the discrepancy between observed and predicted seismic data. However, conventional FWI…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-03-04 Chao Song , Tariq Alkhalifah , Umair Bin Waheed , Silin Wang , Cai Liu

Full Wave Inversion (FWI) imaging scheme has many applications in engineering, geoscience and medical sciences. In this paper, a surrogate deep learning FWI approach is presented to quantify properties of materials using stress waves. Such…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-01-08 Reza Rashetnia , Mohammad Pour-Ghaz

Edema is a potential indicator of underlying pathological changes. However, its low-contrast signature is often masked in conventional B-mode imaging by strong scatterers, making reliable detection challenging. Ultrasound (US) provides a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-09 Ruizhi Zhang , Yhonatan Kvich , Rui Guo , Oded Cohen , Yonina C. Eldar

Full waveform inversion (FWI) aims at estimating subsurface medium properties from measured seismic data. It is usually cast as a non-linear least-squares problem that incorporates uncertainties in the measurements. In exploration…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-02 Tristan van Leeuwen

Complex salt geometries and strong velocity contrasts pose significant challenges for velocity model building and subsalt imaging. Although full waveform inversion (FWI) provides high-resolution velocity models, its performance strongly…

Geophysics · Physics 2026-03-30 Siyuan Dong , Jinghuai Gao , Yunduo Li , Zhaoqi Gao , Baohai Wu , Feng Liu

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a nonlinear computational imaging technique that can provide detailed estimates of subsurface geophysical properties. Solving the FWI problem can be challenging due to its ill-posedness and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Renán Rojas-Gómez , Jihyun Yang , Youzuo Lin , James Theiler , Brendt Wohlberg

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a highly nonlinear and ill-posed problem. On one hand, it can be easily trapped in a local minimum. On the other hand, the inversion results may exhibit strong artifacts and reduced resolution because of…

Geophysics · Physics 2018-09-26 Dongzhuo Li , Jerry M. Harris

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a process in which seismic numerical simulations are fit to observed data by changing the wave velocity model of the medium under investigation. The problem is non-linear, and therefore optimization…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Eran Treister , Eldad Haber

Objectives: Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution geophysical imaging technique that reconstructs subsurface velocity models by iteratively minimizing the misfit between predicted and observed seismic data. However, under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinyi Zhang , Caiyun Liu , Jie Xiong , Qingfeng Yu

Seismic waves bring information from the physical properties of the earth to the surface. Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a local optimization technique which tries to invert the recorded wave fields to the physical properties. An…

Geophysics · Physics 2017-12-27 Nasser Kazemi

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is beginning to be used to characterize weak seismic events at different scales, an example of which is microseismic event (MSE) characterization. However, FWI with unknown sources is a severely underdetermined…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Hossein S. Aghamiry , Ali Gholami , Stéphane Operto , Alison Malcolm

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is crucial for reconstructing high-resolution subsurface models, but it is often hindered, considering the limited data, by its null space resulting in low-resolution models, and more importantly, by its…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-10-23 Xinquan Huang , Fu Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is an iterative identification process that serves to minimize the misfit of model-based simulated and experimentally measured wave field data, with the goal of identifying a field of parameters for a given…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tim Bürchner , Philipp Kopp , Stefan Kollmannsberger , Ernst Rank

Elastic full-waveform inversion (EFWI) is a process used to estimate subsurface properties by fitting seismic data while satisfying wave propagation physics. The problem is formulated as a least-squares data fitting minimization problem…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Kamal Aghazade , Ali Gholami , Hossein S. Aghamiry , Hamid Reza Siahkoohi

Seismic full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful geophysical imaging technique that produces high-resolution subsurface models by iteratively minimizing the misfit between the simulated and observed seismograms. Unfortunately,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-24 Fangshu Yang , Jianwei Ma

Stein Variational Gradient Descent (SVGD) is a nonparametric particle-based deterministic sampling algorithm. Despite its wide usage, understanding the theoretical properties of SVGD has remained a challenging problem. For sampling from a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-10-31 Tianle Liu , Promit Ghosal , Krishnakumar Balasubramanian , Natesh S. Pillai

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is capable of reconstructing subsurface properties with high resolution from seismic data. However, conventional FWI faces challenges such as cycle-skipping and high computational costs. Recently, deep learning…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-10-30 Hao Zhang , Yuanyuan Li , Jianping Huang

In the Oil and Gas industry, estimating a subsurface velocity field is an essential step in seismic processing, reservoir characterization, and hydrocarbon volume calculation. Full-waveform inversion (FWI) velocity modeling is an iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Saraiva Marcus , Forechi Avelino , de Oliveira Neto Jorcy , DelRey Antonio , Rauber Thomas

Full waveform inversion (FWI) iteratively updates the velocity model by minimizing the difference between observed and simulated data. Due to the high computational cost and memory requirements associated with global optimization…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-09-19 Xinru Mu , Omar M. Saad , Shaowen Wang , Tariq Alkhalifah