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We investigate a co-design problem, encompassing simultaneous design of system infrastructure and control, through a game-theoretical framework. To this end, we propose the co-design problem as a two-layer hierarchical strategic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Julian Barreiro-Gomez , Ye Wang

In this paper, we propose capturing and utilizing \textit{Temporal Information through Graph-based Embeddings and Representations} or \textbf{TIGER} to enhance multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). We explicitly model how inter-agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Nikunj Gupta , Ludwika Twardecka , James Zachary Hare , Jesse Milzman , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Safety and scalability are two critical challenges faced by practical Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, existing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms that rely solely on reward shaping are ineffective in ensuring safety,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Haikuo Du , Fandi Gou , Yunze Cai

Stackelberg games and their resulting equilibria have received increasing attention in the multi-agent reinforcement learning literature. Each stage of a traditional Stackelberg game involves a leader(s) acting first, followed by the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Akshay Dodwadmath , Setareh Maghsudi

Ensuring safety in MARL, particularly when deploying it in real-world applications such as autonomous driving, emerges as a critical challenge. To address this challenge, traditional safe MARL methods extend MARL approaches to incorporate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Zhi Zheng , Shangding Gu

A central problem in the theory of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to understand what structural conditions and algorithmic principles lead to sample-efficient learning guarantees, and how these considerations change as we move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dylan J. Foster , Dean P. Foster , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

The advent of multimodal agents facilitates effective interaction within graphical user interface (GUI), especially in ubiquitous GUI control. However, their inability to reliably execute toggle control instructions remains a key…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Zongru Wu , Rui Mao , Zhiyuan Tian , Pengzhou Cheng , Tianjie Ju , Zheng Wu , Lingzhong Dong , Haiyue Sheng , Zhuosheng Zhang , Gongshen Liu

This work leverages adaptive social learning to estimate partially observable global states in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems. Unlike existing methods, the proposed approach enables the concurrent operation of social…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Malek Khammassi , Ali H. Sayed

Multi-agent systems based on large language models, particularly centralized architectures, have recently shown strong potential for complex and knowledge-intensive tasks. However, central agents often suffer from unstable long-horizon…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ruizhe Zhang , Xinke Jiang , Zhibang Yang , Zhixin Zhang , Jiaran Gao , Yuzhen Xiao , Hongbin Lai , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides a promising paradigm for coordinating multi-agent systems (MAS). However, most existing methods rely on restrictive assumptions, such as a fixed number of agents and fully synchronous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yexin Li , Jinjin Guo , Haoyu Zhang , Yuhan Zhao , Yiwen Sun , Zihao Jiao

Instead of making behavioral decisions directly from the exponentially expanding joint observational-action space, subtask-based multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods enable agents to learn how to tackle different subtasks. Most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Wenjing Zhang , Wei Zhang

As predictive models are deployed into the real world, they must increasingly contend with strategic behavior. A growing body of work on strategic classification treats this problem as a Stackelberg game: the decision-maker "leads" in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Tijana Zrnic , Eric Mazumdar , S. Shankar Sastry , Michael I. Jordan

In cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the permutation problem where the state space grows exponentially with the number of agents reduces sample efficiency. Additionally, many existing architectures struggle with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hyunwoo Park , Baekryun Seong , Sang-Ki Ko

This paper studies a class of dynamic Stackelberg games under open-loop information structure with constrained linear agent dynamics and quadratic utility functions. We show two important properties for this class of dynamic Stackelberg…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-08-09 Sen Li , Wei Zhang , Jianming Lian , Karanjit Kalsi

In this paper, we consider cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with sparse reward. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel method named MASER: MARL with subgoals generated from experience replay buffer. Under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Jeewon Jeon , Woojun Kim , Whiyoung Jung , Youngchul Sung

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has shown promise for large-scale network control, yet existing methods face two major limitations. First, they typically rely on assumptions leading to decay properties of local agent interactions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Vidur Sinha , Muhammed Ustaomeroglu , Guannan Qu

We consider a warehouse in which dozens of mobile robots and human pickers work together to collect and deliver items within the warehouse. The fundamental problem we tackle, called the order-picking problem, is how these worker agents must…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a standard framework for modeling multi-agent interactions applied in real-world scenarios. Inspired by experience sharing in human groups, learning knowledge parallel reusing between agents can…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Yongyuan Liang , Bangwei Li

Mobile robots are often deployed over long durations in diverse open, dynamic scenes, including indoor setting such as warehouses and manufacturing facilities, and outdoor settings such as agricultural and roadway operations. A core…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Mingfeng Yuan , Hao Zhang , Mahan Mohammadi , Runhao Li , Jinjun Shan , Steven L. Waslander

In this study, we introduce Modular State-based Stackelberg Games (Mod-SbSG), a novel game structure developed for distributed self-learning in modular manufacturing systems. Mod-SbSG enhances cooperative decision-making among self-learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Steve Yuwono , Ahmar Kamal Hussain , Dorothea Schwung , Andreas Schwung