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Deep Q-learning jointly learns representations and values within monolithic networks, promising beneficial co-adaptation between features and value estimates. Although this architecture has attained substantial success, the coupling between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Fernando Martinez , Tao Li , Yingdong Lu , Juntao Chen

Real-time dynamic scheduling is a crucial but notoriously challenging task in modern manufacturing processes due to its high decision complexity. Recently, reinforcement learning (RL) has been gaining attention as an impactful technique to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Jaeyeon Jang , Diego Klabjan , Han Liu , Nital S. Patel , Xiuqi Li , Balakrishnan Ananthanarayanan , Husam Dauod , Tzung-Han Juang

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) benchmarks commonly emphasize aggregate outcomes such as return, success rate, or completion time. While essential, these metrics often fail to reveal how agents coordinate, particularly…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Maria Ana Cardei , Matthew Landers , Afsaneh Doryab

Decentralized combinatorial optimization in evolving multi-agent systems poses significant challenges, requiring agents to balance long-term decision-making, short-term optimized collective outcomes, while preserving autonomy of interactive…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chuhao Qin , Evangelos Pournaras

In this paper, we introduce an alternative approach to enhancing Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) through the integration of domain knowledge and attention-based policy mechanisms. Our methodology focuses on the incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Andre R Kuroswiski , Annie S Wu , Angelo Passaro

In multi-agent problems requiring a high degree of cooperation, success often depends on the ability of the agents to adapt to each other's behavior. A natural solution concept in such settings is the Stackelberg equilibrium, in which the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Robert Loftin , Mustafa Mert Çelikok , Herke van Hoof , Samuel Kaski , Frans A. Oliehoek

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) has gained significant traction for solving complex real-world tasks, but the inherent stochasticity and uncertainty in these environments pose substantial challenges to efficient and robust policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Somnath Hazra , Pallab Dasgupta , Soumyajit Dey

Communication can impressively improve cooperation in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), especially for partially-observed tasks. However, existing works either broadcast the messages leading to information redundancy, or learn…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Xudong Guo , Daming Shi , Wenhui Fan

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a powerful paradigm for solving cooperative and competitive decision-making problems. While many MARL benchmarks have been proposed, few combine continuous state and action spaces with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Artem Pshenitsyn , Aleksandr Panov , Alexey Skrynnik

Current research applying N-level Stackelberg Game to multi-agent systems often uses the default decision order of agents provided by the environment. However, this raises the question: does the order of agents necessarily affect the final…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Xiangyu Liu , Liang Zhang , Bo Jin , Ziqi Wei

This paper aims to mitigate straggler effects in synchronous distributed learning for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) problems. Stragglers arise frequently in a distributed learning system, due to the existence of various system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Baoqian Wang , Junfei Xie , Nikolay Atanasov

We consider the problem of cooperative exploration where multiple robots need to cooperatively explore an unknown region as fast as possible. Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has recently become a trending paradigm for solving this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Chao Yu , Xinyi Yang , Jiaxuan Gao , Jiayu Chen , Yunfei Li , Jijia Liu , Yunfei Xiang , Ruixin Huang , Huazhong Yang , Yi Wu , Yu Wang

Action and observation delays exist prevalently in the real-world cyber-physical systems which may pose challenges in reinforcement learning design. It is particularly an arduous task when handling multi-agent systems where the delay of one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-01 Baiming Chen , Mengdi Xu , Zuxin Liu , Liang Li , Ding Zhao

Closed-loop traffic simulation requires agents that are both scalable and behaviorally realistic. Recent self-play reinforcement learning approaches demonstrate strong scalability, but their equilibrium strategies fail to capture the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Weifan Zhang , Xiaofeng Zhao , Adel Bazzi , Mingrui Li , Yifan Wei , Dengfeng Sun

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a promising area of research that can model and control multiple, autonomous decision-making agents. During online training, MARL algorithms involve performance-intensive computations such as…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Kailash Gogineni , Peng Wei , Tian Lan , Guru Venkataramani

Decentralized cooperative multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MARL) can be a versatile learning framework, particularly in scenarios where centralized training is either not possible or not practical. One of the critical challenges in…

Stackelberg equilibria arise naturally in a range of popular learning problems, such as in security games or indirect mechanism design, and have received increasing attention in the reinforcement learning literature. We present a general…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Matthias Gerstgrasser , David C. Parkes

Role-based learning is a promising approach to improving the performance of Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL). Nevertheless, without manual assistance, current role-based methods cannot guarantee stably discovering a set of roles to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Xianghua Zeng , Hao Peng , Angsheng Li

Multi-agent reinforcement learning focuses on training the behaviors of multiple learning agents that coexist in a shared environment. Recently, MARL models, such as the Multi-Agent Transformer (MAT) and ACtion dEpendent deep Q-learning…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shota Takayama , Katsuhide Fujita

Robust Reinforcement Learning (RL) focuses on improving performances under model errors or adversarial attacks, which facilitates the real-life deployment of RL agents. Robust Adversarial Reinforcement Learning (RARL) is one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Peide Huang , Mengdi Xu , Fei Fang , Ding Zhao