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DNA synthesis is considered as one of the most expensive components in current DNA storage systems. In this paper, focusing on a common synthesis machine, which generates multiple DNA strands in parallel following a fixed supersequence,we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Yajuan Liu , Tolga M. Duman

Motivated by DNA based data storage system, we investigate the errors that occur when synthesizing DNA strands in parallel, where each strand is appended one nucleotide at a time by the machine according to a template supersequence. If…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Ziyang Lu , Han Mao Kiah , Yiwei Zhang , Robert N. Grass , Eitan Yaakobi

Due to their sequential nature, traditional DNA synthesis methods are expensive in terms of time and resources. They also fabricate multiple copies of the same strand, introducing redundancy. This redundancy can be leveraged to enhance the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Frederik Walter , Yonatan Yehezkeally

Due to its higher data density, longevity, energy efficiency, and ease of generating copies, DNA is considered a promising storage technology for satisfying future needs. However, a diverse set of errors including deletions, insertions,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Yuanyuan Tang , Shuche Wang , Hao Lou , Ryan Gabrys , Farzad Farnoud

DNA-based storage offers unprecedented density and durability, but its scalability is fundamentally limited by the efficiency of parallel strand synthesis. Existing methods either allow unconstrained nucleotide additions to individual…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Boaz Moav , Ryan Gabrys , Eitan Yaakobi

In the recent years, DNA has emerged as a potentially viable storage technology. DNA synthesis, which refers to the task of writing the data into DNA, is perhaps the most costly part of existing storage systems. Accordingly, this high cost…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Ohad Elishco , Wasim Huleihel

Storing digital data in synthetic DNA faces challenges in ensuring data reliability in the presence of edit errors--deletions, insertions, and substitutions--that occur randomly during various stages of the storage process. Current…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Serge Kas Hanna

DNA-based storage is an emerging storage technology that provides high information density and long duration. Due to the physical constraints in the reading and writing processes, error correction in DNA storage poses several interesting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jin Sima , Netanel Raviv , Moshe Schwartz , Jehoshua Bruck

Composite DNA is a recent method to increase the base alphabet size in DNA-based data storage.This paper models synthesizing and sequencing of composite DNA and introduces coding techniques to correct substitutions, losses of entire…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Frederik Walter , Omer Sabary , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi

Storing data in DNA is being explored as an efficient solution for archiving and in-object storage. Synthesis time and cost remain challenging, significantly limiting some applications at this stage. In this paper we investigate efficient…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Amit Zrihan , Eitan Yaakobi , Zohar Yakhini

Due to its high data density and longevity, DNA is considered a promising medium for satisfying ever-increasing data storage needs. However, the diversity of errors that occur in DNA sequences makes efficient error-correction a challenging…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-11-12 Yuanyuan Tang , Farzad Farnoud

A method for encoding information in DNA sequences is described. The method is based on the precision-resolution framework, and is aimed to work in conjunction with a recently suggested terminator-free template independent DNA synthesis…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-05-14 Siddharth Jain , Farzad Farnoud , Moshe Schwartz , Jehoshua Bruck

Synthetic DNA can in principle be used for the archival storage of arbitrary data. Because errors are introduced during DNA synthesis, storage, and sequencing, an error-correcting code (ECC) is necessary for error-free recovery of the data.…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2018-12-05 William H. Press , John A. Hawkins

DNA is an attractive medium for digital data storage. When data is stored on DNA, errors occur, which makes error-correcting coding techniques critical for reliable DNA data storage. To reduce the errors, a common technique is to include…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Franziska Weindel , Andreas L. Gimpel , Robert N. Grass , Reinhard Heckel

In this paper, we study error-correcting codes for the storage of data in synthetic deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). We investigate a storage model where data is represented by an unordered set of $M$ sequences, each of length $L$. Errors…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-05-10 Andreas Lenz , Paul H. Siegel , Antonia Wachter-Zeh , Eitan Yaakobi

In [1], the authors proposed a new model of DNA storage system that integrates all three steps of retrieval and introduced the concept of DNA-correcting codes, which guarantees that the output of the storage system can be decoded to the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-17 Huawei Wu

This paper introduces a new solution to DNA storage that integrates all three steps of retrieval, namely clustering, reconstruction, and error correction. DNA-correcting codes are presented as a unique solution to the problem of ensuring…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Avital Boruchovsky , Daniella Bar-Lev , Eitan Yaakobi

DNA is an attractive candidate for data storage. Its millennial durability and nanometer scale offer exceptional data density and longevity. Its relevance to medical applications also drives advances in DNA-related biotechnology. To protect…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Yu-Ting Lin , Hsin-Po Wang , Venkatesan Guruswami

We provide an overview of current approaches to DNA-based storage system design and accompanying synthesis, sequencing and editing methods. We also introduce and analyze a suite of new constrained coding schemes for both archival and random…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2015-07-08 S. M. Hossein Tabatabaei Yazdi , Han Mao Kiah , Eva Ruiz Garcia , Jian Ma , Huimin Zhao , Olgica Milenkovic

Large pools of synthetic DNA molecules have been recently used to reliably store significant volumes of digital data. While DNA as a storage medium has enormous potential because of its high storage density, its practical use is currently…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Konstantin Makarychev , Miklos Z. Racz , Cyrus Rashtchian , Sergey Yekhanin
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