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Related papers: A Deep Dive into NFT Rug Pulls

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The explosive growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) on Web3 has created a new frontier for digital art and collectibles, but also an emerging space for fraudulent activities. This study provides an in-depth analysis of NFT rug pulls, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Trishie Sharma , Rachit Agarwal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

The explosive growth of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has revolutionized digital ownership by enabling the creation, exchange, and monetization of unique assets on blockchain networks. However, this surge in popularity has also given rise to a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Chetan Pathade , Shweta Hooli

Rug pull scams have emerged as a persistent threat to cryptocurrency, causing significant financial losses. A typical scenario involves scammers deploying honeypot contracts to attract investments, restricting token sales, and draining the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Hao Wu , Haijun Wang , Shangwang Li , Yin Wu , Ming Fan , Wuxia Jin , Ting Liu

Rug pulls pose a grave threat to the cryptocurrency ecosystem, leading to substantial financial loss and undermining trust in decentralized finance (DeFi) projects. With the emergence of new rug pull patterns, research on rug pull is out of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Dianxiang Sun , Wei Ma , Liming Nie , Yang Liu

Existing rug pull detectors assume a simple workflow: the deployer keeps liquidity pool (LP) tokens and performs one or a few large sells (within a day) that collapse the pool and cash out. In practice, however, many real-world exits…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Minh Trung Tran , Nasrin Sohrabi , Zahir Tari , Qin Wang

The rapid growth in popularity and hype surrounding digital assets such as art, video, and music in the form of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has made them a lucrative investment opportunity, with NFT-based sales surpassing $25B in 2021 alone.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Sayak Saha Roy , Dipanjan Das , Priyanka Bose , Christopher Kruegel , Giovanni Vigna , Shirin Nilizadeh

In recent years, Decentralized Finance (DeFi) grows rapidly due to the development of blockchain technology and smart contracts. As of March 2023, the estimated global cryptocurrency market cap has reached approximately $949 billion.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Zewei Lin , Jiachi Chen , Zibin Zheng , Jiajing Wu , Weizhe Zhang , Yongjuan Wang

Rug pulls in Solana have caused significant damage to users interacting with Decentralized Finance (DeFi). A rug pull occurs when developers exploit users' trust and drain liquidity from token pools on Decentralized Exchanges (DEXs),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Abdulrahman Alhaidari , Bhavani Kalal , Balaji Palanisamy , Shamik Sural

Uniswap, like other DEXs, has gained much attention this year because it is a non-custodial and publicly verifiable exchange that allows users to trade digital assets without trusted third parties. However, its simplicity and lack of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Bruno Mazorra , Victor Adan , Vanesa Daza

NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) have seen significant growth since they first captured public attention in 2021. However, the NFT market is plagued by fake transactions and economic bubbles, e.g., NFT wash trading. Wash trading typically refers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Shijian Chen , Jiachi Chen , Jiangshan Yu , Xiapu Luo , Yanlin Wang

Rug pull is a critical attack in the world of blockchain technology. Despite this, the absence of sufficient time-bound and well-structured datasets is considered one of the significant issues faced while identifying early detection.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Fatemeh Shoaei , Mohammad Pishdar , Mozafar Bag-Mohammadi , Mojtaba Karami , Bert Lagaisse

Cybersquatting refers to the practice where attackers register a domain name similar to a legitimate one to confuse users for illegal gains. With the growth of the Non-Fungible Token (NFT) ecosystem, there are indications that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Kai Ma , Ningyu He , Jintao Huang , Bosi Zhang , Ping Wu , Haoyu Wang

As Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) continue to grow in popularity, NFT users have become targets of phishing attacks by cybercriminals, called \textit{NFT drainers}. Over the last year, \$100 million worth of NFTs were stolen by drainers, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Hanna Kim , Jian Cui , Eugene Jang , Chanhee Lee , Yongjae Lee , Jin-Woo Chung , Seungwon Shin

Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) serve as a representative form of digital asset ownership and have attracted numerous investors, creators, and tech enthusiasts in recent years. However, related fraud activities, especially phishing scams, have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenkai Li , Zongwei Li , Xiaoqi Li , Chunyi Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhang , Yuqing Zhang

This paper presents a machine learning framework for the early detection of rug pull scams on decentralized exchanges (DEXs) within The Open Network (TON) blockchain. TON's unique architecture, characterized by asynchronous execution and a…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Dmitry Yaremus , Jianghai Li , Alisa Kalacheva , Igor Vodolazov , Yury Yanovich

Fraud across the decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is growing, with victims losing billions to DeFi scams every year. However, there is a disconnect between the reported value of these scams and associated legal prosecutions. We use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Arianna Trozze , Toby Davies , Bennett Kleinberg

With the growing popularity of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT), a new type of digital assets, various fraudulent activities have appeared in NFT markets. Among them, wash trading has become one of the most common frauds in NFT markets, which…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Xiaolin Wen , Yong Wang , Xuanwu Yue , Feida Zhu , Min Zhu

Solana has experienced rapid growth due to its high performance and low transaction costs, but the extremely low barrier to token issuance has also led to widespread Rug Pulls. Unlike Ethereum-based Rug Pulls that rely on malicious smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jiaxin Chen , Ziwei Li , Zigui Jiang , Ruihong He , Yantong Zhou , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng

With the popularity of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), NFTs have become a new target of phishing attacks, posing a significant threat to the NFT trading ecosystem. There has been growing anecdotal evidence that new means of NFT phishing attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Jingjing Yang , Jieli Liu , Jiajing Wu

Current methods to prevent crypto asset fraud are based on the analysis of transaction graphs within blockchain networks. While effective for identifying transaction patterns indicative of fraud, it does not capture the semantics of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Philipp Stangl , Christoph P. Neumann
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