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This paper studies visibility problems in Euclidean spaces $\mathbb{R}^d$ where the obstacles are the points of infinite discrete sets $Y\subseteq\mathbb{R}^d$. A point $x\in\mathbb{R}^d$ is called $\varepsilon$-visible for $Y$ (notation:…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Michael Boshernitzan , Yaar Solomon

We discuss proofs of nonlocality based on a generalization by Erwin Schr\"odinger of the argument of Einstein, Podolsky and Rosen. These proofs do not appeal in any way to Bell's inequalities. Indeed, one striking feature of the proofs is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Jean Bricmont , Sheldon Goldstein , Douglas Hemmick

Representation theory is shown to be incomplete in terms of enumerating all integrable limits of quantum systems. As a consequence, one can find exactly solvable Hamiltonians which have apparently strongly broken symmetry. The number of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-30 Dimitri Kusnezov

The ``generic'' family of classical sequential growth dynamics for causal sets provides cosmological models of causal sets which are a testing ground for ideas about the, as yet unknown, quantum theory. In particular we can investigate how…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 Graham Brightwell , H. Fay Dowker , Raquel S. Garcia , Joe Henson , Rafael D. Sorkin

The article provides a modest survey of the absolute theory of general systems of (partial) differential equations. The equations are relieved of all additional structures and subject to quite arbitrary change of the variables. An abstract…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2015-04-02 Veronika Chrastinova , Vaclav Tryhuk

We consider a number of aspects of the problem of defining time observables in quantum theory. Time observables are interesting quantities in quantum theory because they often cannot be associated with self-adjoint operators. Their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-27 James M Yearsley

According to the observations, in our expansive and isotropic relativistic Universe for the gravitational phenomena in a Newtonian approximation the Newtonian non-modified relations are valid. The Friedmann general equations of isotropic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-12-19 V. Skalsky

Observational cosmology provides us with a large number of high precision data which are used to derive models trying to reproduce ``on the mean'' our observable patch of the Universe. Most of these attempts are achieved in the framework of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-10 Marie-Noëlle Célérier

A new criterion is developed which provides a check as to whether a chosen set of polarization observables is complete with respect to the determination of all independent $T$-matrix elements of a reaction of the type $a+b\to c+d+...$. As…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 Hartmuth Arenhoevel , Winfried Leidemann , Edward L. Tomusiak

An ultimate universal theory -- a complete theory that accounts, via few and simple first principles, for all the phenomena already observed and that will ever be observed -- has been, and still is, the aspiration of most physicists and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2021-03-24 Uri Ben-Ya'acov

We address the problem of observables in generally invariant spacetime theories such as Einstein's general relativity. Using the refined notion of an event as a ``point-coincidence'' between scalar fields that completely characterise a…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-06-30 Hans Westman , Sebastiano Sonego

In this paper we prove Chaitin's ``heuristic principle'', {\it the theorems of a finitely-specified theory cannot be significantly more complex than the theory itself}, for an appropriate measure of complexity. We show that the measure is…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Cristian S. Calude , Helmut Juergensen

With a view to establishing measure theoretic approximation properties of Delone sets, we study a setup which arises naturally in the problem of averaging almost periodic functions along exponential sequences. In this setting, we establish…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-08-19 Michael Baake , Alan Haynes

Observables 'are observed' whereas beables just 'are'. This gives beables more scope in the cosmological and quantum domains. Both observables and beables are entities that form 'brackets' with 'the constraints' that are 'equal to' zero. We…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-09-01 Edward Anderson

The Kochen-Specker no-go theorem established that hidden-variable theories in quantum mechanics necessarily admit contextuality. This theorem is formally stated in terms of the partial Boolean algebra structure of projectors on a Hilbert…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Anuj Dawar , Nihil Shah

This article discusses completeness of Boolean Algebra as First Order Theory in Goedel's meaning. If Theory is complete then any possible transformation is equivalent to some transformation using axioms, predicates etc. defined for this…

Logic · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Radoslaw Hofman

General relativity is incomplete because it cannot describe quantum effects of space-time. The complete theory of quantum gravity is not yet known and to date no observational evidence exists that space-time is quantized. However, in most…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-17 Sabine Hossenfelder , Ricardo Gallego Torromé

We discuss the issue of observables in general-relativistic perturbation theory, adopting the view that any observable in general relativity is represented by a scalar field on spacetime. In the context of perturbation theory, an observable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-04-06 Marco Bruni , Sebastiano Sonego

We present a version of G\"odel's Second Incompleteness Theorem for recursively enumerable consistent extensions of a fixed axiomatizable theory, by incorporating some bi-theoretic version of the derivability conditions. We also argue that…

Logic · Mathematics 2019-11-12 Saeed Salehi

The application of the notion of `observable' from gauge theory to diffeomorphism-invariant theories -- most relevantly to general relativity -- has led to numerous conceptual and technical issues when interpreting classical theories with…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-05-22 Álvaro Mozota Frauca