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This paper constitutes our initial effort in developing sparse grid discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for high-dimensional partial differential equations (PDEs). Over the past few decades, DG methods have gained popularity in many…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-04-20 Zixuan Wang , Qi Tang , Wei Guo , Yingda Cheng

Data assimilation (DA) is a key component of many forecasting models in science and engineering. DA allows one to estimate better initial conditions using an imperfect dynamical model of the system and noisy/sparse observations available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ashesh Chattopadhyay , Ebrahim Nabizadeh , Eviatar Bach , Pedram Hassanzadeh

We propose energy-conserving discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods for symmetric linear hyperbolic systems on general unstructured meshes. Optimal a priori error estimates of order $k+1$ are obtained for the semi-discrete scheme in one…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-06-26 Guosheng Fu , Chi-Wang Shu

Ensemble-based data assimilation (DA) methods have become increasingly popular due to their inherent ability to address nonlinear dynamic problems. However, these methods often face a trade-off between analysis accuracy and computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhilin Li , Zhou Yao , Xianglong Li , Zeng Liu , Zhaokuan Lu , Shanlin Xu , Seungnam Kim , Guangyao Wang

Earth system modeling presents a fundamental challenge in scientific computing: capturing complex, multiscale nonlinear dynamics in computationally efficient models while minimizing forecast errors caused by necessary simplifications. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Yongquan Qu , Matthieu Blanke , Sara Shamekh , Pierre Gentine

Data assimilation (DA) integrates numerical model forecasts with observations to achieve the optimal state estimation. Ensemble-based methods, such as the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), are widely used for state estimation for…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-25 Zhou Yao , Zhilin Li , Li Zhao , Zeng Liu , Zhaokuan Lu , Seungnam Kim , Guangyao Wang

Data assimilation (DA) in the geophysical sciences remains the cornerstone of robust forecasts from numerical models. Indeed, DA plays a crucial role in the quality of numerical weather prediction, and is a crucial building block that has…

The ensemble smoother with multiple data assimilation (ES-MDA) is becoming a popular assisted history matching method. In its standard form, the method requires the specification of the number of iterations in advance. If the selected…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-11 Alexandre A. Emerick

We explore the potential of Data-Assimilation (DA) within the multi-scale framework of a shell model of turbulence, with a focus on the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF). The central objective is to understand how measuring mesoscales (i.e.,…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-15 Francesco Fossella , Luca Biferale , Alberto Carrassi , Massimo Cencini , Vikrant Gupta

We propose and analyze a seamless extended Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) discretization of advection-diffusion equations on semi-infinite domains. The semi-infinite half line is split into a finite subdomain where the model uses a standard…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-23 Federico Vismara , Tommaso Benacchio , Luca Bonaventura

This work is devoted to the study of a posteriori error estimation and adaptivity in parabolic problems with a particular focus on spatial discontinuous Galerkin (dG) discretisations. We begin by deriving an a posteriori error estimator for…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-04-13 Stephen Arthur Metcalfe

For hyperbolic conservation laws, traditional methods and physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) often encounter difficulties in capturing sharp discontinuities and maintaining temporal consistency. To address these challenges, we…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-08-25 Yan Shen , Jingrun Chen , Keke Wu

An error analysis of a mixed discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method with Brezzi numerical flux for the time-harmonic Maxwell equations with minimal smoothness requirements is presented. The key difficulty in the error analysis for the DG method…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-13 Kaifang Liu , Dietmar Gallistl , Matthias Schlottbom , J. J. W. van der Vegt

Data assimilation (DA) integrates observations with model forecasts to produce optimized atmospheric states, whose physical consistency is critical for stable weather forecasting and reliable climate research. Traditional Bayesian DA…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Hang Fan , Lei Bai , Ben Fei , Yi Xiao , Kun Chen , Yubao Liu , Yongquan Qu , Fenghua Ling , Pierre Gentine

We review the field of data assimilation (DA) from a Bayesian perspective and show that, in addition to its by now common application to state estimation, DA may be used for model selection. An important special case of the latter is the…

Applications · Statistics 2017-04-05 Alberto Carrassi , Marc Bocquet , Alexis Hannart , Michael Ghil

Solving the Euler equations of ideal hydrodynamics as accurately and efficiently as possible is a key requirement in many astrophysical simulations. It is therefore important to continuously advance the numerical methods implemented in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-11-02 Kevin Schaal , Andreas Bauer , Praveen Chandrashekar , Rüdiger Pakmor , Christian Klingenberg , Volker Springel

We present a novel high-order accurate nodal discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for solving nonlinear hyperbolic systems of partial differential equations (PDEs) on fully unstructured three-dimensional polyhedral meshes. A mesh generator is…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Sixtine Michel , Lorenzo Diazzi , Walter Boscheri

The majority of data assimilation (DA) methods in the geosciences are based on Gaussian assumptions. While these assumptions facilitate efficient algorithms, they cause analysis biases and subsequent forecast degradations. Non-parametric,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-12 Hristo G. Chipilski

Long-range geophysical forecasts are fundamentally limited by chaotic dynamics and numerical errors. While data assimilation can mitigate these issues, classical variational smoothers require computationally expensive tangent-linear and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Phillip Si , Peng Chen

In this research, we propose an online basis enrichment strategy within the framework of a recently developed constraint energy minimizing generalized multiscale discontinuous Galerkin method (CEM-GMsDGM). Combining the technique of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-03-05 Sai-Mang Pun , Siu Wun Cheung