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Precipitation in complex terrain is governed by orographic processes operating at scales of a few kilometers, yet climate models typically run at resolutions of 50--100~km where this topographic detail is absent. Dynamical downscaling with…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Douglas Brinkerhoff , Elizabeth Fischer

The sliced-Wasserstein flow is an evolution equation where a probability density evolves in time, advected by a velocity field computed as the average among directions in the unit sphere of the optimal transport displacements from its 1D…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-13 Giacomo Cozzi , Filippo Santambogio

We introduce Spectral Generative Flow Models (SGFMs), a physics-inspired alternative to transformer-based large language models. Instead of representing text or video as sequences of discrete tokens processed by attention, SGFMs treat…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Andrew Kiruluta

Bayesian filtering for high-dimensional nonlinear stochastic dynamical systems is a fundamental yet challenging problem in many fields of science and engineering. Existing methods face significant obstacles: Gaussian-based filters struggle…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-03-06 Xintong Wang , Xiaofei Guan , Ling Guo , Hao Wu

Diffusion models approximate the denoising distribution as a Gaussian and predict its mean, whereas flow matching models reparameterize the Gaussian mean as flow velocity. However, they underperform in few-step sampling due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hansheng Chen , Kai Zhang , Hao Tan , Zexiang Xu , Fujun Luan , Leonidas Guibas , Gordon Wetzstein , Sai Bi

Medical image segmentation is a crucial task that relies on the ability to accurately identify and isolate regions of interest in medical images. Thereby, generative approaches allow to capture the statistical properties of segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Lea Bogensperger , Dominik Narnhofer , Filip Ilic , Thomas Pock

Deep generative models have recently been applied to physical systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs), offering scalable simulation and uncertainty-aware inference. However, enforcing physical constraints, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Utkarsh Utkarsh , Pengfei Cai , Alan Edelman , Rafael Gomez-Bombarelli , Christopher Vincent Rackauckas

Sliced Wasserstein (SW) distances offer an efficient method for comparing high-dimensional probability measures by projecting them onto multiple 1-dimensional probability distributions. However, identifying informative slicing directions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Navid NaderiAlizadeh , Darian Salehi , Xinran Liu , Soheil Kolouri

Flow-based generative models, such as diffusion models and flow matching models, have achieved remarkable success in learning complex data distributions. However, a critical gap remains for their deployment in safety-critical domains: the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Darshan Gadginmath , Ahmed Allibhoy , Fabio Pasqualetti

Classifier-free Guidance (CFG) is a widely used technique in modern diffusion models for enhancing sample quality and prompt adherence. However, through an empirical analysis on Gaussian mixture modeling with a closed-form solution, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chubin Chen , Jiashu Zhu , Xiaokun Feng , Nisha Huang , Chen Zhu , Meiqi Wu , Fangyuan Mao , Jiahong Wu , Xiangxiang Chu , Xiu Li

Generalizable Gaussian Splatting aims to synthesize novel views for unseen scenes without per-scene optimization. In particular, recent advancements utilize feed-forward networks to predict per-pixel Gaussian parameters, enabling…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Yuxi Hu , Jun Zhang , Kuangyi Chen , Zhe Zhang , Friedrich Fraundorfer

Molecular dynamics (MD) is a crucial technique for simulating biological systems, enabling the exploration of their dynamic nature and fostering an understanding of their functions and properties. To address exploration inefficiency,…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2024-05-03 Shaoning Li , Yusong Wang , Mingyu Li , Jian Zhang , Bin Shao , Nanning Zheng , Jian Tang

Generative models can produce nonsensical text, unrealistic images, and unstable materials faster than simulation or human review can absorb; without per-sample confidence, trust erodes. Existing fixes run $k$ ensembles or stochastic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Friso de Kruiff , Dario Coscia , Max Welling , Erik Bekkers

Modeling and synthesizing image noise is an important aspect in many computer vision applications. The long-standing additive white Gaussian and heteroscedastic (signal-dependent) noise models widely used in the literature provide only a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Abdelrahman Abdelhamed , Marcus A. Brubaker , Michael S. Brown

Wasserstein gradient flow (WGF) is a common method to perform optimization over the space of probability measures. While WGF is guaranteed to converge to a first-order stationary point, for nonconvex functionals the converged solution does…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-23 Naoya Yamamoto , Juno Kim , Taiji Suzuki

Taming the generation outcome of state of the art Diffusion and Flow-Matching (FM) models without having to re-train a task-specific model unlocks a powerful tool for solving inverse problems, conditional generation, and controlled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Heli Ben-Hamu , Omri Puny , Itai Gat , Brian Karrer , Uriel Singer , Yaron Lipman

In this work, we propose the Generative Latent Flow (GLF), an algorithm for generative modeling of the data distribution. GLF uses an Auto-encoder (AE) to learn latent representations of the data, and a normalizing flow to map the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Zhisheng Xiao , Qing Yan , Yali Amit

Classifier-Free Guidance (CFG) is a widely used technique for improving conditional diffusion models by linearly combining the outputs of conditional and unconditional denoisers. While CFG enhances visual quality and improves alignment with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Badr Moufad , Yazid Janati , Alain Durmus , Ahmed Ghorbel , Eric Moulines , Jimmy Olsson

Sequential probabilistic inference from streaming observations requires modeling distributions over future trajectories as new observations arrive. Although diffusion and flow-matching models are effective at capturing high-dimensional,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yinan Huang , Hans Hao-Hsun Hsu , Junran Wang , Bo Dai , Pan Li

Generating images from graph-structured inputs, such as scene graphs, is uniquely challenging due to the difficulty of aligning nodes and connections in graphs with objects and their relations in images. Most existing methods address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Ling Yang , Zhilin Huang , Yang Song , Shenda Hong , Guohao Li , Wentao Zhang , Bin Cui , Bernard Ghanem , Ming-Hsuan Yang