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In this paper, we present a non-parametric structured latent variable model for image generation, called NP-DRAW, which sequentially draws on a latent canvas in a part-by-part fashion and then decodes the image from the canvas. Our key…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Xiaohui Zeng , Raquel Urtasun , Richard Zemel , Sanja Fidler , Renjie Liao

Classifier-free guidance (CFG) is a widely used technique for controllable generation in diffusion and flow-based models. Despite its empirical success, CFG relies on a heuristic linear extrapolation that is often sensitive to the guidance…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Jian-Feng Cai , Haixia Liu , Zhengyi Su , Chao Wang

Flow Matching has become a cornerstone of modern generative models like Stable Diffusion 3, largely due to the efficiency of its Rectified Flow (RF) variant. The success of RF hinges on iteratively learning straight trajectories, pushing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Vansh Bansal , Saptarshi Roy , Purnamrita Sarkar , Alessandro Rinaldo

This paper introduces a novel framework for image quality transfer based on conditional flow matching (CFM). Unlike conventional generative models that rely on iterative sampling or adversarial objectives, CFM learns a continuous flow…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Huu Tien Nguyen , Ahmed Karam Eldaly

Conditional generative modeling aims to learn a conditional data distribution from samples containing data-condition pairs. For this, diffusion and flow-based methods have attained compelling results. These methods use a learned (flow)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Chen Chen , Pengsheng Guo , Liangchen Song , Jiasen Lu , Rui Qian , Xinze Wang , Tsu-Jui Fu , Wei Liu , Yinfei Yang , Alex Schwing

Conditional particle filters (CPFs) are powerful smoothing algorithms for general nonlinear/non-Gaussian hidden Markov models. However, CPFs can be inefficient or difficult to apply with diffuse initial distributions, which are common in…

Computation · Statistics 2020-11-23 Santeri Karppinen , Matti Vihola

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution seismic imaging method that estimates subsurface velocity by matching simulated and recorded waveforms. However, FWI is highly nonlinear, prone to cycle skipping, and sensitive to noise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xinquan Huang , Paris Perdikaris

Score-based generative models (SGMs) is a recent class of deep generative models with state-of-the-art performance in many applications. In this paper, we establish convergence guarantees for a general class of SGMs in 2-Wasserstein…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xuefeng Gao , Hoang M. Nguyen , Lingjiong Zhu

In recent years, machine learning (ML) methods have become increasingly popular in wireless communication systems for several applications. A critical bottleneck for designing ML systems for wireless communications is the availability of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-28 Satyavrat Wagle , Akshay Malhotra , Shahab Hamidi-Rad , Aditya Sant , David J. Love , Christopher G. Brinton

Digital twins (DTs) rely on continuous synchronization between physical systems and their virtual counterparts through online parameter estimation under uncertainty. In many practical settings, however, this task is challenged by low…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Yasar Yanik , Himadri Basu , Ricardo G. Sanfelice , Daniele Venturi

Score-based diffusion models have emerged as one of the most promising frameworks for deep generative modelling. In this work we conduct a systematic comparison and theoretical analysis of different approaches to learning conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Georgios Batzolis , Jan Stanczuk , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Christian Etmann

Tree-Sliced methods have recently emerged as an alternative to the traditional Sliced Wasserstein (SW) distance, replacing one-dimensional lines with tree-based metric spaces and incorporating a splitting mechanism for projecting measures.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Thanh Tran , Viet-Hoang Tran , Thanh Chu , Trang Pham , Laurent El Ghaoui , Tam Le , Tan M. Nguyen

Text-based generation and editing of 3D scenes hold significant potential for streamlining content creation through intuitive user interactions. While recent advances leverage 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS) for high-fidelity and real-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Hyojun Go , Byeongjun Park , Jiho Jang , Jin-Young Kim , Soonwoo Kwon , Changick Kim

Statistical models are an essential tool to model, forecast and understand the hydrological processes in watersheds. In particular, the understanding of time lags associated with the delay between rainfall occurrence and subsequent changes…

Generative models have the potential to transform the way we emulate Earth's changing climate. Previous generative approaches rely on weather-scale autoregression for climate emulation, but this is inherently slow for long climate horizons…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Jeremy Andrew Irvin , Jiaqi Han , Zikui Wang , Abdulaziz Alharbi , Yufei Zhao , Nomin-Erdene Bayarsaikhan , Daniele Visioni , Andrew Y. Ng , Duncan Watson-Parris

Diffusion models have emerged as one of the most promising frameworks for deep generative modeling. In this work, we explore the potential of non-uniform diffusion models. We show that non-uniform diffusion leads to multi-scale diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Georgios Batzolis , Jan Stanczuk , Carola-Bibiane Schönlieb , Christian Etmann

Continuous normalizing flows (CNFs) learn an ordinary differential equation to transform prior samples into data. Flow matching (FM) has recently emerged as a simulation-free approach for training CNFs by regressing a velocity model towards…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-05-28 Tianyu Xie , Yu Zhu , Longlin Yu , Tong Yang , Ziheng Cheng , Shiyue Zhang , Xiangyu Zhang , Cheng Zhang

Deep learning-based surface electromyography (sEMG) gesture recognition is frequently bottlenecked by data scarcity and limited subject diversity. While synthetic data generation via Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) and diffusion…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Boxuan Jiang , Chenyun Dai , Can Han

This paper presents a new algorithm, Accelerated Wirtinger Flow (AWF), for ptychographic image reconstruction from phaseless diffraction pattern measurements. AWF is based on combining Nesterov's acceleration approach with Wirtinger…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-06-29 Rui Xu , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Justin P. Haldar , Walter Unglaub , Joshua Zusman , Anthony F. J. Levi , Richard M. Leahy

With the rapid advancement of diffusion-based generative models, Stable Diffusion (SD) has emerged as a state-of-the-art framework for high-fidelity im-age synthesis. However, existing SD models suffer from suboptimal feature aggregation,…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Zhen-Qi Chen , Yuan-Fu Yang