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This paper investigates jointly optimal array geometry and waveform designs for active sensing. Specifically, we focus on minimizing the Cram\'er-Rao lower bound (CRB) of the angle of a single target in white Gaussian noise. We first find…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-20 Ids van der Werf , Robin Rajamäki , Geert Leus

Recently, beyond diagonal reconfigurable intelligent surface (BD-RIS) has emerged as a more flexible solution to engineer the wireless propagation channels, thanks to its non-diagonal reflecting matrix. Although the gain of the BD-RIS over…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-18 Xiaoqi Zhang , Liang Liu , Shuowen Zhang , Haijun Zhang

To accelerate MRI, the field of compressed sensing is traditionally concerned with optimizing the image quality after a partial undersampling of the measurable $\textit{k}$-space. In our work, we propose to change the focus from the quality…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-15 Artem Razumov , Oleg Y. Rogov , Dmitry V. Dylov

This document provides detailed step-by-step derivations for the Cram\'er-Rao Bounds (CRB) for sensing parameters and the refined Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR) expressions under imperfect Channel State Information (CSI) and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-04 Bruno Felipe Costa , Taufik Abrão

Meta-backscatter system that utilizes meta-material sensors is a promising enabler for future environmental sensing, offering distinct advantages such as low cost, zero-power consumption, and robustness. Specifically, the electromagnetic…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Mengyuan Cao , Xu Liu , Hongliang Zhang

We propose a statistical framework for the problem of parameter estimation from a noisy optomechanical system. The Cram\'er-Rao lower bound on the estimation errors in the long-time limit is derived and compared with the errors of…

Optics · Physics 2013-10-31 Shan Zheng Ang , Glen I. Harris , Warwick P. Bowen , Mankei Tsang

In this paper, we analyze the performance of the estimation of Laplacian matrices under general observation models. Laplacian matrix estimation involves structural constraints, including symmetry and null-space properties, along with matrix…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-08 Morad Halihal , Tirza Routtenberg , H. Vincent Poor

Velocity estimation is a cornerstone of the recently introduced near-field predictive beamforming. This paper derives the Cramer-Rao bounds (CRBs) for joint radial and transverse velocity estimation within a predictive beamforming framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Khalid A. Alshumayri , Mudassir Masood , Ali. A. Nasir

This is a tutorial aimed at illustrating some recent developments in quantum parameter estimation beyond the Cram\`er-Rao bound, as well as their applications in quantum metrology. Our starting point is the observation that there are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-06 Luigi Seveso , Matteo G. A. Paris

Accelerated MRI protocols routinely involve a predefined sampling pattern that undersamples the k-space. Finding an optimal pattern can enhance the reconstruction quality, however this optimization is a challenging task. To address this…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-30 Cagan Alkan , Morteza Mardani , Congyu Liao , Zhitao Li , Shreyas S. Vasanawala , John M. Pauly

This paper studies a near-field multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar sensing system, in which the transceivers with massive antennas aim to localize multiple near-field targets in the three-dimensional (3D) space over unknown…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Haocheng Hua , Jie Xu , Yonina C. Eldar

In recent studies on MRI reconstruction, advances have shown significant promise for further accelerating the MRI acquisition. Most state-of-the-art methods require a large amount of fully-sampled data to optimise reconstruction models,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-04 Junwei Yang , Pietro Liò

The widely used quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB) sets a lower bound for the mean square error of unbiased estimators in quantum parameter estimation, however, in general QCRB is only tight in the asymptotical limit. With a limited number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-07 Jing Liu , Haidong Yuan

This paper presents a new performance bound for estimation problems where the parameter to estimate lies in a Riemannian manifold (a smooth manifold endowed with a Riemannian metric) and follows a given prior distribution. In this setup,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-09-10 Florent Bouchard , Alexandre Renaux , Guillaume Ginolhac , Arnaud Breloy

We derive error bounds for CUR matrix approximation using determinant-based methods that relate local projection errors to global approximation quality. For general matrices, we establish determinant identities for bordered Gramian matrices…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-05 Frank de Hoog , Markus Hegland

Compared to real-valued signals, complex-valued signals provide a unique and intuitive representation of the phase of real physical systems and processes, which holds fundamental significance and is widely applied across many fields of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Wang Hao , Kuang Zhang , Hou Chengyu , Tan Chenxing , Cui Weiming , Fu Weifeng , Yao Xinran

The Fisher Information Metric (FIM) and the associated Cram\'er-Rao Bound (CRB) are fundamental tools in statistical signal processing, which inform the efficient design of experiments and algorithms for estimating the underlying…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-20 Shiraz Khan , Gregory S. Chirikjian

Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface (RIS) plays an important role in enhancing source localization accuracy. Based on the information inequality of Fisher information analyses, the Cram\'{e}r-Rao Bound (CRB) of the localization error can be…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-18 Yuhua Jiang , Yuanwan Mai , Feifei Gao

An efficient computational approach for optimal reconstruction of binary-type images suitable for models in various applications including biomedical imaging is developed and validated. The methodology includes derivative-free optimization…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Paul R. Arbic , Vladislav Bukshtynov

This study proposes a bound-constrained sparse representation (BC-SR) framework for electrical impedance tomography (EIT), aimed at improving conductivity estimation without explicit regularization. BC-SR adopts a representation-driven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chun Zhang , Dong Liu