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Building a benchmark dataset for hate speech detection presents various challenges. Firstly, because hate speech is relatively rare, random sampling of tweets to annotate is very inefficient in finding hate speech. To address this, prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Md Mustafizur Rahman , Dinesh Balakrishnan , Dhiraj Murthy , Mucahid Kutlu , Matthew Lease

High annotation costs from hiring or crowdsourcing complicate the creation of large, high-quality datasets needed for training reliable text classifiers. Recent research suggests using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Tomas Horych , Christoph Mandl , Terry Ruas , Andre Greiner-Petter , Bela Gipp , Akiko Aizawa , Timo Spinde

Collecting annotations from human raters often results in a trade-off between the quantity of labels one wishes to gather and the quality of these labels. As such, it is often only possible to gather a small amount of high-quality labels.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Neel Nanda , Jonathan Uesato , Sven Gowal

Vision-Language Models (VLMs), with their powerful content generation capabilities, have been successfully applied to data annotation processes. However, the VLM-generated labels exhibit dual limitations: low quality (i.e., label noise) and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Zhongnian Li , Lan Chen , Yixin Xu , Shi Xu , Xinzheng Xu

Regulatory bodies worldwide are intensifying their efforts to ensure transparency in influencer marketing on social media through instruments like the Unfair Commercial Practices Directive (UCPD) in the European Union, or Section 5 of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Thales Bertaglia , Stefan Huber , Catalina Goanta , Gerasimos Spanakis , Adriana Iamnitchi

Data annotation, the practice of assigning descriptive labels to raw data, is pivotal in optimizing the performance of machine learning models. However, it is a resource-intensive process susceptible to biases introduced by annotators. The…

Labeling pixel-level masks for fine-grained semantic segmentation tasks, e.g. human parsing, remains a challenging task. The ambiguous boundary between different semantic parts and those categories with similar appearance usually are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-23 Peike Li , Yunqiu Xu , Yunchao Wei , Yi Yang

There has been significant research on propagandistic content detection across different modalities and languages. However, most studies have primarily focused on detection, with little attention given to explanations justifying the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Maram Hasanain , Md Arid Hasan , Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi , Elisa Sartori , Ali Ezzat Shahroor , Giovanni Da San Martino , Firoj Alam

High-quality data is necessary for modern machine learning. However, the acquisition of such data is difficult due to noisy and ambiguous annotations of humans. The aggregation of such annotations to determine the label of an image leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Lars Schmarje , Vasco Grossmann , Claudius Zelenka , Sabine Dippel , Rainer Kiko , Mariusz Oszust , Matti Pastell , Jenny Stracke , Anna Valros , Nina Volkmann , Reinhard Koch

Intellectual property protection(IPP) have received more and more attention recently due to the development of the global e-commerce platforms. brand recognition plays a significant role in IPP. Recent studies for brand recognition and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-15 Xuan Jin , Wei Su , Rong Zhang , Yuan He , Hui Xue

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP) in online social media are evidently owed to large-scale datasets. However, labeling, storing, and processing a large number of textual data points, e.g., tweets, has remained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Toktam A. Oghaz , Ivan Garibay

Toxic language detection systems often falsely flag text that contains minority group mentions as toxic, as those groups are often the targets of online hate. Such over-reliance on spurious correlations also causes systems to struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel , Hamid Palangi , Maarten Sap , Dipankar Ray , Ece Kamar

Propaganda is a form of persuasion that has been used throughout history with the intention goal of influencing people's opinions through rhetorical and psychological persuasion techniques for determined ends. Although Arabic ranked as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Lubna Al-Henaki , Hend Al-Khalifa , Abdulmalik Al-Salman , Hajar Alqubayshi , Hind Al-Twailay , Gheeda Alghamdi , Hawra Aljasim

Despite the extensive communication benefits offered by social media platforms, numerous challenges must be addressed to ensure user safety. One of the most significant risks faced by users on these platforms is targeted hate speech. Social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Sadar Jaf , Basel Barakat

Language models have shown promise in various tasks but can be affected by undesired data during training, fine-tuning, or alignment. For example, if some unsafe conversations are wrongly annotated as safe ones, the model fine-tuned on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Zhaowei Zhu , Jialu Wang , Hao Cheng , Yang Liu

Marking biased texts is a practical approach to increase media bias awareness among news consumers. However, little is known about the generalizability of such awareness to new topics or unmarked news articles, and the role of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Timo Spinde , Fei Wu , Wolfgang Gaissmaier , Gianluca Demartini , Helge Giese

Reference texts such as encyclopedias and news articles can manifest biased language when objective reporting is substituted by subjective writing. Existing methods to detect bias mostly rely on annotated data to train machine learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Timo Spinde , David Krieger , Manuel Plank , Bela Gipp

Undermining the impact of hateful content with informed and non-aggressive responses, called counter narratives, has emerged as a possible solution for having healthier online communities. Thus, some NLP studies have started addressing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-21 Margherita Fanton , Helena Bonaldi , Serra Sinem Tekiroglu , Marco Guerini

Annotated data is an essential ingredient in natural language processing for training and evaluating machine learning models. It is therefore very desirable for the annotations to be of high quality. Recent work, however, has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jan-Christoph Klie , Bonnie Webber , Iryna Gurevych

The dissemination of online hate speech can have serious negative consequences for individuals, online communities, and entire societies. This and the large volume of hateful online content prompted both practitioners', i.e., in content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Julian Bäumler , Louis Blöcher , Lars-Joel Frey , Xian Chen , Markus Bayer , Christian Reuter