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The recent advancements in large-scale pre-training techniques have significantly enhanced the capabilities of vision foundation models, notably the Segment Anything Model (SAM), which can generate precise masks based on point and box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Anqi Zhang , Guangyu Gao , Jianbo Jiao , Chi Harold Liu , Yunchao Wei

Automated segmentation is a fundamental medical image analysis task, which enjoys significant advances due to the advent of deep learning. While foundation models have been useful in natural language processing and some vision tasks for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Hanxue Gu , Haoyu Dong , Jichen Yang , Maciej A. Mazurowski

Despite strong zero-shot performance, SAM is unreliable under domain shift due to Mask-level Confidence Confusion (MCC), where a single IoU-based mask score fails to reflect pixel-wise reliability near boundaries. Motivated by the contrast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Hongyou Zhou , Marc Toussaint , Ling Shao , Zihan Ye

Is Segment Anything Model 3 (SAM3) capable in segmenting Any Pathology Images? Digital pathology segmentation spans tissue-level and nuclei-level scales, where traditional methods often suffer from high annotation costs and poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Qiuyu Kong , Shakiba Sharifi , Yiming Wang , Marco Cristani , Zanxi Ruan

The recently introduced Segment Anything Model (SAM) combines a clever architecture and large quantities of training data to obtain remarkable image segmentation capabilities. However, it fails to reproduce such results for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Tal Shaharabany , Aviad Dahan , Raja Giryes , Lior Wolf

Climate change is increasingly disrupting worldwide agriculture, making global food production less reliable. To tackle the growing challenges in feeding the planet, cutting-edge management strategies, such as precision agriculture, empower…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Rutuja Gurav , Het Patel , Zhuocheng Shang , Ahmed Eldawy , Jia Chen , Elia Scudiero , Evangelos Papalexakis

Background: We evaluate SAM 2 for surgical scene understanding by examining its semantic segmentation capabilities for organs/tissues both in zero-shot scenarios and after fine-tuning. Methods: We utilized five public datasets to evaluate…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Devanish N. Kamtam , Joseph B. Shrager , Satya Deepya Malla , Xiaohan Wang , Nicole Lin , Juan J. Cardona , Serena Yeung-Levy , Clarence Hu

The universality of deep neural networks across different modalities and their generalization capabilities to unseen domains play an essential role in medical image segmentation. The recent segment anything model (SAM) has demonstrated…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Qing Xu , Jiaxuan Li , Xiangjian He , Chenxin Li , Fiseha B. Tesem , Wenting Duan , Zhen Chen , Rong Qu , Jonathan M. Garibaldi , Chang Wen Chen

SAM is a segmentation model recently released by Meta AI Research and has been gaining attention quickly due to its impressive performance in generic object segmentation. However, its ability to generalize to specific scenes such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-12 Lv Tang , Haoke Xiao , Bo Li

Learning to segmentation without large-scale samples is an inherent capability of human. Recently, Segment Anything Model (SAM) performs the significant zero-shot image segmentation, attracting considerable attention from the computer…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-22 Chuanfei Hu , Tianyi Xia , Shenghong Ju , Xinde Li

The development of 2D foundation models for image segmentation has been significantly advanced by the Segment Anything Model (SAM). However, achieving similar success in 3D models remains a challenge due to issues such as non-unified data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yuchen Zhou , Jiayuan Gu , Tung Yen Chiang , Fanbo Xiang , Hao Su

In recent years, the agricultural industry has witnessed significant advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), particularly with the development of large-scale foundational models. Among these foundation models, the Segment Anything…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Xiao Yang , Haixing Dai , Zihao Wu , Ramesh Bist , Sachin Subedi , Jin Sun , Guoyu Lu , Changying Li , Tianming Liu , Lilong Chai

Current AI-assisted skin image diagnosis has achieved dermatologist-level performance in classifying skin cancer, driven by rapid advancements in deep learning architectures. However, unlike traditional vision tasks, skin images in general…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Xin Hu , Janet Wang , Jihun Hamm , Rie R Yotsu , Zhengming Ding

The performance of image segmentation models has historically been constrained by the high cost of collecting large-scale annotated data. The Segment Anything Model (SAM) alleviates this original problem through a promptable,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Miguel Espinosa , Chenhongyi Yang , Linus Ericsson , Steven McDonagh , Elliot J. Crowley

Given a single labeled example, in-context segmentation aims to segment corresponding objects. This setting, known as one-shot segmentation in few-shot learning, explores the segmentation model's generalization ability and has been applied…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Mengshi Qi , Pengfei Zhu , Xiangtai Li , Xiaoyang Bi , Lu Qi , Huadong Ma , Ming-Hsuan Yang

This paper investigates the fundamental discontinuity between the latest two Segment Anything Models: SAM2 and SAM3. We explain why the expertise in prompt-based segmentation of SAM2 does not transfer to the multimodal concept-driven…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Ranjan Sapkota , Konstantinos I. Roumeliotis , Manoj Karkee

Segment Anything Models (SAMs) have gained increasing attention in medical image analysis due to their zero-shot generalization capability in segmenting objects of unseen classes and domains when provided with appropriate user prompts.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Xinyuan Shao , Yiqing Shen , Mathias Unberath

Purpose: The Segment Anything Model (SAM) promises to ease the annotation bottleneck in medical segmentation, but overlapping anatomy and blurred boundaries make its point prompts ambiguous, leading to cycles of manual refinement to achieve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Adrien Meyer , Lorenzo Arboit , Giuseppe Massimiani , Shih-Min Yin , Didier Mutter , Nicolas Padoy

Segment anything model (SAM) addresses two practical yet challenging segmentation tasks: \textbf{segment anything (SegAny)}, which utilizes a certain point to predict the mask for a single object of interest, and \textbf{segment everything…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Chaoning Zhang , Dongshen Han , Sheng Zheng , Jinwoo Choi , Tae-Ho Kim , Choong Seon Hong

Image segmentation is a critical enabler for tasks ranging from medical diagnostics to autonomous driving. However, the correct segmentation semantics - where are boundaries located? what segments are logically similar? - change depending…