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The Segment Anything Model (SAM) is the first foundation model for general image segmentation. It has achieved impressive results on various natural image segmentation tasks. However, medical image segmentation (MIS) is more challenging…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-18 Yuhao Huang , Xin Yang , Lian Liu , Han Zhou , Ao Chang , Xinrui Zhou , Rusi Chen , Junxuan Yu , Jiongquan Chen , Chaoyu Chen , Sijing Liu , Haozhe Chi , Xindi Hu , Kejuan Yue , Lei Li , Vicente Grau , Deng-Ping Fan , Fajin Dong , Dong Ni

The Segment Anything Model (SAM), a foundation model pretrained on millions of images and segmentation masks, has significantly advanced semantic segmentation, a fundamental task in computer vision. Despite its strengths, SAM encounters two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Li Zhang , Youwei Liang , Ruiyi Zhang , Amirhosein Javadi , Pengtao Xie

Segment anything model (SAM) has shown its spectacular performance in segmenting universal objects, especially when elaborate prompts are provided. However, the drawback of SAM is twofold. On the first hand, it fails to segment specific…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Leiping Jie , Hui Zhang

Pre-trained on a large and diverse dataset, the segment anything model (SAM) is the first promptable foundation model in computer vision aiming at object segmentation tasks. In this work, we evaluate SAM for the task of nuclear instance…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-26 Kesi Xu , Lea Goetz , Nasir Rajpoot

Foundation models have excelled in various tasks but are often evaluated on general benchmarks. The adaptation of these models for specific domains, such as remote sensing imagery, remains an underexplored area. In remote sensing, precise…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Ali Mayladan , Hasan Nasrallah , Hasan Moughnieh , Mustafa Shukor , Ali J. Ghandour

Medical images often exhibit distribution shifts due to variations in imaging protocols and scanners across different medical centers. Domain Generalization (DG) methods aim to train models on source domains that can generalize to unseen…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Yihang Fu , Ziyang Chen , Yiwen Ye , Xingliang Lei , Zhisong Wang , Yong Xia

Artificial intelligence (AI) is evolving towards artificial general intelligence, which refers to the ability of an AI system to perform a wide range of tasks and exhibit a level of intelligence similar to that of a human being. This is in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chunhui Zhang , Li Liu , Yawen Cui , Guanjie Huang , Weilin Lin , Yiqian Yang , Yuehong Hu

Foundation models for segmentation such as the Segment Anything Model (SAM) family exhibit strong zero-shot performance, but remain vulnerable in shifted or limited-knowledge domains. This work investigates whether uncertainty…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Jesse Brouwers , Xiaoyan Xing , Alexander Timans

Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2), a prompt-driven foundation model extending SAM to both image and video domains, has shown superior zero-shot performance compared to its predecessor. Building on SAM's success in medical image segmentation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Bin Xie , Hao Tang , Yan Yan , Gady Agam

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) represents a significant breakthrough into foundation models for computer vision, providing a large-scale image segmentation model. However, despite SAM's zero-shot performance, its segmentation masks lack…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xianjie Liu , Keren Fu , Yao Jiang , Qijun Zhao

Universal medical image segmentation models have emerged as a promising paradigm due to their strong generalizability across diverse tasks, showing great potential for a wide range of clinical applications. This potential has been partly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Yanwu Yang , Guinan Su , Jiesi Hu , Francesco Sammarco , Jonas Geiping , Thomas Wolfers

Deep learning presents novel opportunities for the auto-segmentation of gross tumor volume (GTV) in head and neck cancer (HNC), yet fully automatic methods usually necessitate significant manual refinement. This study investigates the…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-01-03 Jintao Ren , Mathis Rasmussen , Jasper Nijkamp , Jesper Grau Eriksen , Stine Korreman

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) and CLIP are remarkable vision foundation models (VFMs). SAM, a prompt driven segmentation model, excels in segmentation tasks across diverse domains, while CLIP is renowned for its zero shot recognition…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Sidra Aleem , Fangyijie Wang , Mayug Maniparambil , Eric Arazo , Julia Dietlmeier , Guenole Silvestre , Kathleen Curran , Noel E. O'Connor , Suzanne Little

The Segment Anything model (SAM) has shown a generalized ability to group image pixels into patches, but applying it to semantic-aware segmentation still faces major challenges. This paper presents SAM-CP, a simple approach that establishes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Pengfei Chen , Lingxi Xie , Xinyue Huo , Xuehui Yu , Xiaopeng Zhang , Yingfei Sun , Zhenjun Han , Qi Tian

Segmentation models such as Segment Anything Model (SAM) and SAM2 achieve strong prompt-driven zero-shot performance. However, their training on natural images limits domain transfer to medical data. Consequently, accurate segmentation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tal Grossman , Noa Cahan , Lev Ayzenberg , Hayit Greenspan

Segment Anything Model (SAM) has emerged as a powerful tool for numerous vision applications. A key component that drives the impressive performance for zero-shot transfer and high versatility is a super large Transformer model trained on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Yunyang Xiong , Bala Varadarajan , Lemeng Wu , Xiaoyu Xiang , Fanyi Xiao , Chenchen Zhu , Xiaoliang Dai , Dilin Wang , Fei Sun , Forrest Iandola , Raghuraman Krishnamoorthi , Vikas Chandra

Recently, Segment Anything Model (SAM) has demonstrated strong generalizability in various instance segmentation tasks. However, its performance is severely dependent on the quality of manual prompts. In addition, the RGB images that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yihan Shang , Wei Wang , Chao Huang , Xinghui Dong

Occlusion, where target structures are partially hidden by surgical instruments or overlapping tissues, remains a critical yet underexplored challenge for foundation segmentation models in clinical endoscopy. We introduce OccSAM-Bench, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Nhan Ho , Luu Le , Thanh-Huy Nguyen , Thien Nguyen , Xiaofeng Liu , Ulas Bagci

The Segment Anything Model (SAM) has revolutionized interactive segmentation through spatial prompting. While existing work primarily focuses on automating prompts in various settings, real-world annotation workflows involve iterative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Prithwijit Chowdhury , Mohit Prabhushankar , Ghassan AlRegib

Objectives: To evaluate the zero-shot performance of Segment Anything Model 2 (SAM 2) in 3D segmentation of abdominal organs in CT scans, and to investigate the effects of prompt settings on segmentation results. Materials and Methods: In…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-13 Yosuke Yamagishi , Shouhei Hanaoka , Tomohiro Kikuchi , Takahiro Nakao , Yuta Nakamura , Yukihiro Nomura , Soichiro Miki , Takeharu Yoshikawa , Osamu Abe