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Recently, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has attracted much attention because of its surprising effectiveness in improving generalization performance. However, compared to stochastic gradient descent (SGD), it is more prone to getting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Chengli Tan , Jiangshe Zhang , Junmin Liu , Yicheng Wang , Yunda Hao

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is widely used to seek flatter minima -- often linked to better generalization. In its standard implementation, SAM updates the current iterate using the loss gradient evaluated at a point perturbed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Chanwoong Park , Uijeong Jang , Ernest K. Ryu , Insoon Yang

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) aims to improve generalization by minimizing a worst-case perturbed loss over a small neighborhood of model parameters. However, during training, its optimization behavior does not always align with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Hongru Duan , Yongle Chen , Lei Guan

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) was proposed to reduce sharpness of minima and has been shown to enhance generalization performance in various settings. In this work we show that perturbing only the affine normalization parameters…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Maximilian Mueller , Tiffany Vlaar , David Rolnick , Matthias Hein

Modern deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performances but are typically over-parameterized. The over-parameterization may result in undesirably large generalization error in the absence of other customized training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Jiawei Du , Daquan Zhou , Jiashi Feng , Vincent Y. F. Tan , Joey Tianyi Zhou

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is an optimizer that takes a descent step based on the gradient at a perturbation $y_t = x_t + \rho \frac{\nabla f(x_t)}{\lVert \nabla f(x_t) \rVert}$ of the current point $x_t$. Existing studies prove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Dongkuk Si , Chulhee Yun

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has been instrumental in improving deep neural network training by minimizing both the training loss and the sharpness of the loss landscape, leading the model into flatter minima that are associated with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Van-Anh Nguyen , Quyen Tran , Tuan Truong , Thanh-Toan Do , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has well documented merits in enhancing generalization of deep neural networks, even without sizable data augmentation. Embracing the geometry of the loss function, where neighborhoods of 'flat minima'…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Targeting solutions over `flat' regions of the loss landscape, sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) has emerged as a powerful tool to improve generalizability of deep neural network based learning. While several SAM variants have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has recently emerged as a robust technique for improving the accuracy of deep neural networks. However, SAM incurs a high computational cost in practice, requiring up to twice as much computation as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Renkun Ni , Ping-yeh Chiang , Jonas Geiping , Micah Goldblum , Andrew Gordon Wilson , Tom Goldstein

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has substantially improved the generalization of neural networks under various settings. Despite the success, its effectiveness remains poorly understood. In this work, we discover an intriguing phenomenon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Zhanpeng Zhou , Mingze Wang , Yuchen Mao , Bingrui Li , Junchi Yan

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) is a recently proposed gradient-based optimizer (Foret et al., ICLR 2021) that greatly improves the prediction performance of deep neural networks. Consequently, there has been a surge of interest in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Yan Dai , Kwangjun Ahn , Suvrit Sra

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) has recently emerged as an effective technique for improving DNN robustness to input variations. However, its interplay with the compactness requirements of on-device DNN deployments remains less explored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Jialuo He , Huangxun Chen

Effective clinical deployment of deep learning models in healthcare demands high generalization performance to ensure accurate diagnosis and treatment planning. In recent years, significant research has focused on improving the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-22 Mohamed Hassan , Aleksandar Vakanski , Min Xian

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) methods have gained increasing popularity by formulating the problem of minimizing both loss value and loss sharpness as a minimax objective. In this work, we increase the efficiency of the maximization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Gonçalo Mordido , Pranshu Malviya , Aristide Baratin , Sarath Chandar

Sharpness-Aware Minimization (SAM) enhances generalization by minimizing the maximum training loss within a predefined neighborhood around the parameters. However, its practical implementation approximates this as gradient ascent(s)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Jianlong Chen , Zhiming Zhou

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) is to improve model generalization by searching for flat minima in the loss landscape. The SAM update consists of one step for computing the perturbation and the other for computing the update gradient.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Xuehao Wang , Weisen Jiang , Shuai Fu , Yu Zhang

Sharpness-aware minimization (SAM) encourages flat minima by perturbing parameters along directions of high loss curvature, but treats all parameter directions uniformly, ignoring the underlying loss geometry. We introduce LLQR+SAM, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Simon Dufort-Labbé , Mehrab Hamidi , Razvan Pascanu , Ioannis Mitliagkas , Damien Scieur , Aristide Baratin

Recently, flat-minima optimizers, which seek to find parameters in low-loss neighborhoods, have been shown to improve a neural network's generalization performance over stochastic and adaptive gradient-based optimizers. Two methods have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Jean Kaddour , Linqing Liu , Ricardo Silva , Matt J. Kusner

Sharpness Aware Minimization (SAM) enhances performance across various neural architectures and datasets. As models are continually scaled up to improve performance, a rigorous understanding of SAM's scaling behaviour is paramount. To this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Moritz Haas , Jin Xu , Volkan Cevher , Leena Chennuru Vankadara