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Transmission system operators employ reserves to deal with unexpected variations of demand and generation to guarantee the security of supply. The French transmission system operator RTE dynamically sizes the required margins using a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Jonathan Dumas

This paper examines the relationship between system imbalance and several explanatory variables within the French electricity system. The factors considered include lagged imbalance values, observations of renewable energy sources (RES)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-14 Jonathan Dumas , Sébastien Finet , Nathalie Grisey , Ibtissam Hamdane , Paul Plessiez

The rapid integration of variable energy sources (VRES) into power grids increases variability and uncertainty of the net demand, making the power system operation challenging. Operating reserve is used by system operators to manage and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-24 Napoleon Costilla-Enriquez , Miguel Ortega-Vazquez , Aidan Tuohy , Amber Motley , Rebecca Webb

In this paper, we address the long-term system's requirement reserve sizing due to the high-level of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources penetration, inside the expansion planning model. The increase in the insertion of this kind of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-10-02 Alessandro Soares , Ricardo Perez , Weslly Morais , Silvio Binato

Sizing frequency control ancillary service (FCAS) requirements is crucial for the reliable operation of power systems amid a continuous influx of variable renewable energy (VRE) generation. Reserve sizing is especially pertinent for the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-06 Elgar John S. del Rosario , Jordan Rel C. Orillaza

In this paper, we suggest that reserves must be computed dynamically to account for wind power volatility. We formalize the notion of dynamic reserves in support of sequential Day-Ahead-Market (DAM) and Real-Time-Market (RTM) clearing and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Marija Ilic , Dongwei Zhao

In the current context of high integration of renewable energies, maximizing infrastructures capabilities for electricity transmission is a general need for Transmission System Operators (TSO). The French TSO, RTE, is developing levers to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-12-10 Clémentine Straub , Sorin Olaru , Jean Maeght , Patrick Panciatici

One of the main responsibilities of a Transmission System Operator (TSO) operating an electric grid is to maintain a designated frequency (e.g., 50 Hz in Europe). To achieve this, TSOs have created several products called…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-29 Jöbke Janssen , Alessandro Zocca , Bert Zwart , Jalal Kazempour

The French transmission system operator (RTE) needs to face a significant congestion increase in specific zones of the electrical network due to high integration of renewable energies. Network reconfiguration and renewable energy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-07-05 Clementine Straub , Sorin Olaru , Jean Maeght , Patrick Panciatici

Due to increased penetration of renewable resources in the distribution grid, the distribution system operator (DSO) faces increased challenges to maintain security and quality of supply. Since, a large proportion of renewables are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-10 Ankur Majumdar , Omid Alizadeh-Mousavi

The integration of renewable sources poses challenges at the operational and economic levels of the power grid. In terms of keeping the balance between supply and demand, the usual scheme of supply following load may not be appropriate for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-04-07 Ashutosh Nayyar , Matias Negrete-Pincetic , Kameshwar Poolla , Pravin Varaiya

With the fast growth of wind power penetration, power systems need additional flexibility to cope with wind power ramping. Several electricity markets have established requirements for flexible ramping capacity (FRC) reserves. This paper…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-12-05 Zhiwen Wang , Chen Shen , Feng Liu , Jianhui Wang , Xiangyu Wu

With more renewable energy sources (RES) integrated into the power system, the intermittency of RES places a heavy burden on the system. The uncertainty of RES is traditionally handled by controllable generators to balance the real time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Tian Liu , Su Wang , Danny H. K. Tsang

Renewable electricity generation has grown significantly across many European power systems, leading to a greener energy mix, but also additional complexity in balancing electricity supply and demand. Unexpected differences between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-19 Arnaud Verstraeten , Maria Margarida Mascarenhas , Hussain Kazmi

This paper addresses the energy management of a grid-connected renewable generation plant coupled with a battery energy storage device in the capacity firming market, designed to promote renewable power generation facilities in small…

Accurate prediction of non-dispatchable renewable energy sources is essential for grid stability and price prediction. Regional power supply forecasts are usually indirect through a bottom-up approach of plant-level forecasts, incorporate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-24 Eloi Lindas , Yannig Goude , Philippe Ciais

This paper proposes online algorithms for dynamic matching markets in power distribution systems, which at any real-time operation instance decides about matching -- or delaying the supply of -- flexible loads with available renewable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-17 Deepan Muthirayan , Masood Parvania , Pramod P. Khargonekar

The output of renewable energy fluctuates significantly depending on weather conditions. We develop a unit commitment model to analyze requirements of the forecast output and its error for renewable energies. Our model obtains the time…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Yuichi Ikeda , Takashi Ikegami , Kazuto Kataoka , Kazuhiko Ogimoto

This paper proposes a strategy to size a grid-connected photovoltaic plant coupled with a battery energy storage device within the \textit{capacity firming} specifications of the French Energy Regulatory Commission. In this context, the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-01 Jonathan Dumas , Bertrand Cornélusse , Xavier Fettweis , Antonello Giannitrapani , Simone Paoletti , Antonio Vicino

The growing penetration of variable renewable energy sources (VRES) requires additional flexibility reserve to ensure reliable power system operations. Current industry practice typically assumes a certain fraction of the VRES power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Zhirui Liang , Robert Mieth , Yury Dvorkin , Miguel A. Ortega-Vazquez
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