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The Unruh effect states that a uniformly linearly accelerated observer with proper acceleration $a$ experiences Minkowski vacuum as a thermal state in the temperature $T_{\text{lin}} = a/(2\pi)$, operationally measurable via the detailed…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-03-28 Steffen Biermann , Sebastian Erne , Cisco Gooding , Jorma Louko , Jörg Schmiedmayer , William G. Unruh , Silke Weinfurtner

The Unruh effect refers to the thermal fluctuations a detector experiences while undergoing linear motion with uniform acceleration in a Minkowski vacuum. This thermality can be demonstrated by tracing the vacuum state of the field over the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-12-10 Jason Doukas , Shih-Yuin Lin , B. L. Hu , Robert B. Mann

A detector undergoing a huge acceleration measures a thermal distribution with the Unruh temperature out of the Minkowski vacuum. Though such huge accelerations occur naturally in astrophysics and gravity, one may design untraintense laser…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2017-12-08 Chul Min Kim , Sang Pyo Kim

We investigate Brownian motions of a particle coupled to vacuum fluctuations of a quantum field. The Unruh effect predicts that an observer in an accelerated motion sees the Minkowski vacuum as thermally excited. This addresses the problem…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-07-02 Naritaka Oshita , Kazuhiro Yamamoto , Sen Zhang

The incorporation of classical general relativity into quantum field theory yields a surprising result -- thermodynamic particle production. One such phenomenon, known as the Unruh effect, causes empty space to effervesce a thermal bath of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-05-16 Morgan H. Lynch

In the celebrated Unruh effect, we learn that a uniformly accelerating detector in a Minkowski vacuum spacetime registers a constant temperature. Building on prior work, we present a technique based on derivative couplings of the two-point…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-19 Aditya Dhumuntarao , José Tomás Gálvez Ghersi , Niayesh Afshordi

While the Unruh effect has traditionally been studied under the assumption of uniform acceleration, a simplification motivated by experimental considerations, it is not necessarily true for all non-inertial motions. We propose a novel…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-01 Manuel de Atocha Rodríguez Fernández , Alexander I. Nesterov , Gennady P. Berman , C. Moreno-González

We analyse the quantization procedure of the spinor field in the Rindler spacetime, showing the boundary conditions that should be imposed to the field, in order to have a well posed theory. Because of these boundary conditions we argue…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniele Oriti

In the framework of the general boundary formulation (GBF) of scalar quantum field theory we obtain a coincidence of expectation values of local observables in the Minkowski vacuum and in a particular state in Rindler space. This…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-03-19 Daniele Colosi , Dennis Raetzel

It is well known that the rotational motion does not induce Unruh effect, because the Minkowski vacuum coincides with the vacuum state defined by the pure rotating observers. However, are there Rindler particles carrying orbital angular…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-03-17 Zhigang Bu , Liangliang Ji , Baifei Shen

Based on the Unruh effect, we calculate the critical acceleration for the Bose-Einstein condensation in a free complex scalar field at finite density in the Rindler space. Our model corresponds to an ideal gas performing constantly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-09-22 Shingo Takeuchi

We analyze the two-photon emission process of a uniformly accelerated Unruh-DeWitt detector interacting with a massless scalar field in Minkowski spacetime. Using second-order perturbation theory, we derive the exact final quantum state of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-07-31 Arash Azizi

In Minkowski spacetime quantum field theory, each stationary motion is associated with an effective, energy-dependent notion of temperature, which generalises the familiar Unruh temperature of uniform linear acceleration. Motivated by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-01-16 Leo J. A. Parry , Jorma Louko

When ground-state atoms are accelerated and the field with which they interact is in its normal vacuum state, the atoms detect Unruh radiation. We show that atoms falling into a black hole emit acceleration radiation which, under…

We consider the conformal scalar field theory with $\lambda \phi^4$ self-interaction in Rindler and Minkowskian coordinates at finite temperature planckian distribution for the exact modes. The solution of the one-loop Dyson-Schwinger…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-01-19 D. V. Diakonov , K. V. Bazarov

We give an interpretation of the temperature in de Sitter universe in terms of a dynamical Unruh effect associated with the Hubble sphere. As with the quantum noise perceived by a uniformly accelerated observer in static space-times,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-09-23 R. Casadio , S. Chiodini , A. Orlandi , G. Acquaviva , R. Di Criscienzo , L. Vanzo

The Unruh effect has been investigated from the point of view of the quantum statistical Zubarev density operator in space with the Minkowski metric. Quantum corrections of the fourth order in acceleration to the energy-momentum tensor of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-04-22 Georgy Y. Prokhorov , Oleg V. Teryaev , Valentin I. Zakharov

Mixing transformations for a uniformly accelerated observer (Rindler observer) are analyzed within the quantum field theory framework as a basis for investigating gravitational effects on flavor oscillations. In particular, the case of two…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-02 Massimo Blasone , Gaetano Lambiase , Giuseppe Gaetano Luciano

We study the Unruh effect for an observer with a finite lifetime, using the thermal time hypothesis. The thermal time hypothesis maintains that: (i) time is the physical quantity determined by the flow defined by a state over an observable…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-07 P. Martinetti , C. Rovelli

In this work we consider the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak $SU(2)_L\times U(1)_Y$ gauge group into $U(1)_{em}$ taken place in the Standard Model of particle physics as seen from the point of view of an accelerating…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-11-22 Antonio Dobado