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Scene reconstruction is an essential capability for underwater robots navigating in close proximity to structures. Monocular vision-based reconstruction methods are unreliable in turbid waters and lack depth scale information. Sonars are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ivana Collado-Gonzalez , John McConnell , Paul Szenher , Brendan Englot

Enhancing forward-looking sonar images is critical for accurate underwater target detection. Current deep learning methods mainly rely on supervised training with simulated data, but the difficulty in obtaining high-quality real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Zhisheng Zhang , Peng Zhang , Fengxiang Wang , Liangli Ma , Fuchun Sun

Underwater robot perception is crucial in scientific subsea exploration and commercial operations. The key challenges include non-uniform lighting and poor visibility in turbid environments. High-frequency forward-look sonar cameras address…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Hitesh Kyatham , Shahriar Negahdaripour , Michael Xu , Xiaomin Lin , Miao Yu , Yiannis Aloimonos

We propose an optimization technique for 3-D underwater object modeling from 2-D forward-scan sonar images at known poses. A key contribution, for objects imaged in the proximity of the sea surface, is to resolve the multipath artifacts due…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Yuhan Liu , Shahriar Negaharipour

Underwater robots typically rely on acoustic sensors like sonar to perceive their surroundings. However, these sensors are often inundated with multiple sources and types of noise, which makes using raw data for any meaningful inference…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Tianxiang Lin , Akshay Hinduja , Mohamad Qadri , Michael Kaess

The predictive brain hypothesis suggests that perception can be interpreted as the process of minimizing the error between predicted perception tokens generated by an internal world model and actual sensory input tokens. When implementing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Jan Steckel , Wouter Jansen , Nico Huebel

Sonar is often the only modality suitable for high-resolution imaging underwater due to light attenuation and turbidity. Forward-looking imaging sonar provides measurements over range and horizontal angle but collapses vertical structure…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Sevan Brodjian , Michael Hobley , Pietro Perona

3D situational awareness is critical for any autonomous system. However, when operating underwater, environmental conditions often dictate the use of acoustic sensors. These acoustic sensors are plagued by high noise and a lack of 3D…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 John McConnell , Ivana Collado-Gonzalez , Paul Szenher , Brendan Englot

Underwater cameras are widely used to observe the sea floor. They are usually included in autonomous underwater vehicles, unmanned underwater vehicles, and in situ ocean sensor networks. Despite being an important sensor for monitoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-02-14 Huimin Lu , Yujie Li , Yudong Zhang , Min Chen , Seiichi Serikawa , Hyoungseop Kim

Hyperspectral imaging has been increasingly used for underwater survey applications over the past years. As many hyperspectral cameras work as push-broom scanners, their use is usually limited to the creation of photo-mosaics based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Maxime Ferrera , Aurélien Arnaubec , Klemen Istenic , Nuno Gracias , Touria Bajjouk

Sonar sensing is fundamental for underwater robotics, but limited by capabilities of AI systems, which need large training datasets. Public data in sonar modalities is lacking. This paper presents the Marine Debris Forward-Looking Sonar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Matias Valdenegro-Toro , Deepan Chakravarthi Padmanabhan , Deepak Singh , Bilal Wehbe , Yvan Petillot

Underwater 3D object detection remains one of the most challenging frontiers in computer vision, where traditional approaches struggle with the harsh acoustic environment and scarcity of training data. While deep learning has revolutionized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-27 M. Salman Shaukat , Yannik Käckenmeister , Sebastian Bader , Thomas Kirste

In low-visibility marine environments characterized by turbidity and darkness, acoustic cameras serve as visual sensors capable of generating high-resolution 2D sonar images. However, acoustic camera images are interfered with by complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xiaoteng Zhou , Katsunori Mizuno , Yilong Zhang

Visual challenges in underwater environments significantly hinder the accuracy of vision-based localisation and the high-fidelity dense reconstruction. In this paper, we propose VISO, a robust underwater SLAM system that fuses a stereo…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Shu Pan , Simon Archieri , Ahmet Cinar , Jonatan Scharff Willners , Ignacio Carlucho , Yvan Petillot

This paper considers the problem of low-dimensional visualisation of very high dimensional information sources for the purpose of situation awareness in the maritime environment. In response to the requirement for human decision support…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2014-02-27 Iain Rice , Roger Benton , Les Hart , David Lowe

Accurate 3D volumetric mapping is critical for autonomous underwater vehicles operating in obstacle-rich environments. Vision-based perception provides high-resolution data but fails in turbid conditions, while sonar is robust to lighting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ivana Collado-Gonzalez , John McConnell , Brendan Englot

In this paper, we address stereo acoustic data fusion for marine robotics and propose a geometry-based method for projecting observed features from one sonar to another for a cross-modal stereo sonar setup that consists of both a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Kalin Norman , Joshua G. Mangelson

Underwater sonar imaging plays a crucial role in various applications, including autonomous navigation in murky water, marine archaeology, and environmental monitoring. However, the unique characteristics of sonar images, such as complex…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Shida Xu , Jingqi Jiang , Jonatan Scharff Willners , Sen Wang

Generating 3D point cloud (PC) data from noisy sonar measurements is a problem that has potential applications for bathymetry mapping, artificial object inspection, mapping of aquatic plants and fauna as well as underwater navigation and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Andres Pulido , Ruoyao Qin , Antonio Diaz , Andrew Ortega , Peter Ifju , Jaejeong Shin

This paper introduces Synthetic Enclosed Echoes (SEE), a novel dataset designed to enhance robot perception and 3D reconstruction capabilities in underwater environments. SEE comprises high-fidelity synthetic sonar data, complemented by a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Guilherme de Oliveira , Matheus M. dos Santos , Paulo L. J. Drews-Jr