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Partial Markov categories are a recent framework for categorical probability theory that provide an abstract account of partial probabilistic computation with updating semantics. In this article, we discuss two order relations on the…

We develop a theory of ordered *-vector spaces with an order unit. We prove fundamental results concerning positive linear functionals and states, and we show that the order (semi)norm on the space of self-adjoint elements admits multiple…

We investigate a family of permutation polynomials of finite fields of characteristic 2. Through a connection between permutation polynomials and quadratic forms, a general treatment is presented to characterize these permutation…

In this paper we consider the $f$-orthomorphisms and $f$-linear operators on the order dual of an $f$-algebra. In particular, when the $f$-algebra has the factorization property (not necessarily unital), we prove that the orthomorphisms,…

Recently, a geometrical characterization of vector spaces served to generalize them into a new class of algebras. Instead of the algebraic properties of the underlying fields, we generalized the recently discovered property of such spaces…

Many statistical models are algebraic in that they are defined in terms of polynomial constraints, or in terms of polynomial or rational parametrizations. The parameter spaces of such models are typically semi-algebraic subsets of the…

An ordered semiring is a commutative semiring equipped with a compatible preorder. Ordered semirings generalise both distributive lattices and commutative rings, and provide a convenient framework to unify certain aspects of lattice theory…

We investigate models of algebraic theories in the category of cocommutative coalgebras over a field. We establish some of their categorical properties, similar to those of algebraic varieties. We introduce a class of categories of…

In this paper, we summarize the work on the characterization of finite simple groups and the study on finite groups with the set of element orders and two orders (the order of group and the set of element orders). Some related topics, and…

In this short note, an example of a semifield of order 128 containing the Galois field $\mathbb{F}_8$ is given. Up to our knowledge, this is the first example supporting the following problem by Cordero and Chen (2013): ``There exist…

We investigate factorizability of a quadratic split quaternion polynomial. In addition to inequality conditions for existence of such factorization, we provide lucid geometric interpretations in the projective space over the split…

We study the distribution of principal ideals generated by irreducible elements in an algebraic number field.

We present an explicit algorithmic method for computing square roots in quaternion algebras over global fields of characteristic different from 2.

First some old as well as new results about P.I. algebras, Ore extensions, and degrees are presented. Then quantized $n\times r$ matrices as well as quantized factor algebras of $M_q(n)$ are analyzed. The latter are the quantized function…

We study seminormalization of affine complex varieties. We show that polynomials on the seminormalization correspond to the rational functions which are continuous for the Euclidean topology. We further study this type of functions which…

Although in general there is no meaningful concept of factorization in fields, that in free associative algebras (over a commutative field) can be extended to their respective free field (universal field of fractions) on the level of…

We generalize the "facial weak order" of a finite Coxeter group to a partial order on a set of intervals in a complete lattice. We apply our construction to the lattice of torsion classes of a finite-dimensional algebra and consider its…

An algebraic tree T is one determined by a finite system of fixed point equations. The frontier \Fr(T) of an algebraic tree t is linearly ordered by the lexicographic order \lex. When (\Fr(T),\lex) is well-ordered, its order type is an…

This paper studies three natural pre-orders of increasing generality on the set of all completely non-unitary partial isometries with equal defect indices. We show that the problem of determining when one partial isometry is less than…

We develop a theory of arithmetic Newton polygons of higher order, that provides the factorization of a separable polynomial over a $p$-adic field, together with relevant arithmetic information about the fields generated by the irreducible…