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A central goal of algorithmic fairness is to reduce bias in automated decision making. An unavoidable tension exists between accuracy gains obtained by using sensitive information (e.g., gender or ethnic group) as part of a statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-02-03 Luca Oneto , Michele Donini , Amon Elders , Massimiliano Pontil

The advent of ML-driven decision-making and policy formation has led to an increasing focus on algorithmic fairness. As clustering is one of the most commonly used unsupervised machine learning approaches, there has naturally been a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-30 Abhisek Chakraborty , Anirban Bhattacharya , Debdeep Pati

Despite its popularity, it is widely recognized that the investigation of some theoretical aspects of clustering has been relatively sparse. One of the main reasons for this lack of theoretical results is surely the fact that, whereas for…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-12-11 José E. Chacón

Many studies in data mining have proposed a new learning called semi-Supervised. Such type of learning combines unlabeled and labeled data which are hard to obtain. However, in unsupervised methods, the only unlabeled data are used. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-04-16 Badreddine Meftahi , Ourida Ben Boubaker Saidi

Although deep learning has demonstrated astonishing performance in many applications, there are still concerns about its dependability. One desirable property of deep learning applications with societal impact is fairness (i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-30 Peixin Zhang , Jingyi Wang , Jun Sun , Xinyu Wang , Guoliang Dong , Xingen Wang , Ting Dai , Jin Song Dong

Fairness in algorithmic decision-making is often framed in terms of individual fairness, which requires that similar individuals receive similar outcomes. A system violates individual fairness if there exists a pair of inputs differing only…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Ranit Debnath Akash , Ashish Kumar , Verya Monjezi , Ashutosh Trivedi , Gang , Tan , Saeid Tizpaz-Niari

A promising direction in deep learning research consists in learning representations and simultaneously discovering cluster structure in unlabeled data by optimizing a discriminative loss function. As opposed to supervised deep learning,…

Fairness-aware classification models have gained increasing attention in recent years as concerns grow on discrimination against some demographic groups. Most existing models require full knowledge of the sensitive features, which can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Kaiqi Jiang , Wenzhe Fan , Mao Li , Xinhua Zhang

In the era of big data, we are often facing the challenge of data heterogeneity and the lack of label information simultaneously. In the financial domain (e.g., fraud detection), the heterogeneous data may include not only numerical data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Lecheng Zheng , Yada Zhu , Jingrui He

Addressing bias in the trained machine learning system often requires access to sensitive attributes. In practice, these attributes are not available either due to legal and policy regulations or data unavailability for a given demographic.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Bhushan Chaudhary , Anubha Pandey , Deepak Bhatt , Darshika Tiwari

As machine learning has become more prevalent, researchers have begun to recognize the necessity of ensuring machine learning systems are fair. Recently, there has been an interest in defining a notion of fairness that mitigates…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Sara Ahmadian , Alessandro Epasto , Marina Knittel , Ravi Kumar , Mohammad Mahdian , Benjamin Moseley , Philip Pham , Sergei Vassilvitskii , Yuyan Wang

In a recent work, [19] studied the following "fair" variants of classical clustering problems such as $k$-means and $k$-median: given a set of $n$ data points in $\mathbb{R}^d$ and a binary type associated to each data point, the goal is to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-12-18 Lingxiao Huang , Shaofeng H. -C. Jiang , Nisheeth K. Vishnoi

Person re-identification aims to establish the correct identity correspondences of a person moving through a non-overlapping multi-camera installation. Recent advances based on deep learning models for this task mainly focus on supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Guodong Ding , Salman Khan , Zhenmin Tang , Jian Zhang , Fatih Porikli

Active Learning (AL) techniques have proven to be highly effective in reducing data labeling costs across a range of machine learning tasks. Nevertheless, one known challenge of these methods is their potential to introduce unfairness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Ricky Fajri , Akrati Saxena , Yulong Pei , Mykola Pechenizkiy

In the context of algorithmic decision-making, fair machine learning methods often yield multiple models that balance predictive fairness and performance in varying degrees. This diversity introduces a challenge for stakeholders who must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sofoklis Kitharidis , Cor J. Veenman , Thomas Bäck , Niki van Stein

Clustering has been a major research topic in the field of machine learning, one to which Deep Learning has recently been applied with significant success. However, an aspect of clustering that is not addressed by existing deep clustering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Ioannis Maniadis Metaxas , Georgios Tzimiropoulos , Ioannis Patras

Clustering algorithms are fundamental tools across many fields, with density-based methods offering particular advantages in identifying arbitrarily shaped clusters and handling noise. However, their effectiveness is often limited by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Meysam Shirdel Bilehsavar , Razieh Ghaedi , Samira Seyed Taheri , Xinqi Fan , Christian O'Reilly

Demographic bias is one of the major challenges for face recognition systems. The majority of existing studies on demographic biases are heavily dependent on specific demographic groups or demographic classifier, making it difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Tetsushi Ohki , Yuya Sato , Masakatsu Nishigaki , Koichi Ito

Within the relatively busy area of fair machine learning that has been dominated by classification fairness research, fairness in clustering has started to see some recent attention. In this position paper, we assess the existing work in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Deepak P

Real-world datasets are often biased with respect to key demographic factors such as race and gender. Due to the latent nature of the underlying factors, detecting and mitigating bias is especially challenging for unsupervised machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-01 Kristy Choi , Aditya Grover , Trisha Singh , Rui Shu , Stefano Ermon