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We consider the problem of deep fair clustering, which partitions data into clusters via the representations extracted by deep neural networks while hiding sensitive data attributes. To achieve fairness, existing methods present a variety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xiang Zhang

A clustering may be considered as fair on pre-specified sensitive attributes if the proportions of sensitive attribute groups in each cluster reflect that in the dataset. In this paper, we consider the task of fair clustering for scenarios…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 Savitha Sam Abraham , Deepak P , Sowmya S Sundaram

The goal of fair clustering is to find clusters such that the proportion of sensitive attributes (e.g., gender, race, etc.) in each cluster is similar to that of the entire dataset. Various fair clustering algorithms have been proposed that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-26 Jinwon Park , Kunwoong Kim , Jihu Lee , Yongdai Kim

There has been much interest recently in developing fair clustering algorithms that seek to do justice to the representation of groups defined along sensitive attributes such as race and gender. We observe that clustering algorithms could…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Stanley Simoes , Deepak P , Muiris MacCarthaigh

Consensus clustering, a fundamental task in machine learning and data analysis, aims to aggregate multiple input clusterings of a dataset, potentially based on different non-sensitive attributes, into a single clustering that best…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Diptarka Chakraborty , Kushagra Chatterjee , Debarati Das , Tien Long Nguyen , Romina Nobahari

In this paper, we initiate the study of fair clustering that ensures distributional similarity among similar individuals. In response to improving fairness in machine learning, recent papers have investigated fairness in clustering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Nihesh Anderson , Suman K. Bera , Syamantak Das , Yang Liu

We consider the problem of diversity enhancing clustering, i.e, developing clustering methods which produce clusters that favour diversity with respect to a set of protected attributes such as race, sex, age, etc. In the context of fair…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-27 Eustasio del Barrio , Hristo Inouzhe , Jean-Michel Loubes

The popular K-means clustering algorithm potentially suffers from a major weakness for further analysis or interpretation. Some cluster may have disproportionately more (or fewer) points from one of the subpopulations in terms of some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guancheng Zhou , Haiping Xu , Hongkang Xu , Chenyu Li , Donghui Yan

Clustering algorithms may unintentionally propagate or intensify existing disparities, leading to unfair representations or biased decision-making. Current fair clustering methods rely on notions of fairness that do not capture any…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-15 Fritz Bayer , Drago Plecko , Niko Beerenwinkel , Jack Kuipers

Fair clustering is the process of grouping similar entities together, while satisfying a mathematically well-defined fairness metric as a constraint. Due to the practical challenges in precise model specification, the prescribed fairness…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-02-09 Sainyam Galhotra , Sandhya Saisubramanian , Shlomo Zilberstein

Incorporating fairness constructs into machine learning algorithms is a topic of much societal importance and recent interest. Clustering, a fundamental task in unsupervised learning that manifests across a number of web data scenarios, has…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Deepak P , Savitha Sam Abraham

Fair clustering has attracted remarkable attention from the research community. Many fairness measures for clustering have been proposed; however, they do not take into account the clustering quality w.r.t. the values of the protected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Tai Le Quy , Long Le Thanh , Lan Luong Thi Hong , Frank Hopfgartner

Deep clustering has the potential to learn a strong representation and hence better clustering performance compared to traditional clustering methods such as $k$-means and spectral clustering. However, this strong representation learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Hongjing Zhang , Ian Davidson

Traditionally, clustering algorithms focus on partitioning the data into groups of similar instances. The similarity objective, however, is not sufficient in applications where a fair-representation of the groups in terms of protected…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-08 Tai Le Quy , Arjun Roy , Gunnar Friege , Eirini Ntoutsi

In this paper we study the problem of correlation clustering under fairness constraints. In the classic correlation clustering problem, we are given a complete graph where each edge is labeled positive or negative. The goal is to obtain a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Saba Ahmadi , Sainyam Galhotra , Barna Saha , Roy Schwartz

The study of algorithmic fairness received growing attention recently. This stems from the awareness that bias in the input data for machine learning systems may result in discriminatory outputs. For clustering tasks, one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich , Martin Schirneck , Simon Wietheger

Fair clustering under the disparate impact doctrine requires that population of each protected group should be approximately equal in every cluster. Previous work investigated a difficult-to-scale pre-processing step for $k$-center and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Bokun Wang , Ian Davidson

Clustering algorithms are widely used in many societal resource allocation applications, such as loan approvals and candidate recruitment, among others, and hence, biased or unfair model outputs can adversely impact individuals that rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Anshuman Chhabra , Peizhao Li , Prasant Mohapatra , Hongfu Liu

Deep clustering is an essential task in modern artificial intelligence, aiming to partition a set of data samples into a given number of homogeneous groups (i.e., clusters). Recent studies have proposed increasingly advanced deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Tianyu Cheng , Qun Chen

Ensuring fairness is essential for every education system. Machine learning is increasingly supporting the education system and educational data science (EDS) domain, from decision support to educational activities and learning analytics.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Tai Le Quy , Gunnar Friege , Eirini Ntoutsi
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