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The perceptual representations supporting our ability to recognize faces remain a computational mystery. Deep neural networks offer mechanistic hypotheses for human face perception, but theoretically distinct models often make…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-14 Wenxuan Guo , Heiko H. Schütt , Kamila Maria Jozwik , Katherine R. Storrs , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte , Tal Golan

Although significant progress has been made in face recognition, demographic bias still exists in face recognition systems. For instance, it usually happens that the face recognition performance for a certain demographic group is lower than…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Fu-En Wang , Chien-Yi Wang , Min Sun , Shang-Hong Lai

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have recently been explored as face verification systems that determine whether two face images are of the same person. Unlike dedicated face recognition systems, MLLMs approach this task through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Ünsal Öztürk , Hatef Otroshi Shahreza , Sébastien Marcel

Fairness in deep learning models trained with high-dimensional inputs and subjective labels remains a complex and understudied area. Facial emotion recognition, a domain where datasets are often racially imbalanced, can lead to models that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Alex Fan , Xingshuo Xiao , Peter Washington

The evaluation of fairness in machine learning systems has become a central concern in high-stakes applications, including biometric recognition, healthcare decision-making, and automated risk assessment. Existing approaches typically rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Khalid Adnan Alsayed

Psychophysical studies suggest that face recognition takes place in a narrow band of low spatial frequencies (``critical band''). Here, we examined the recognition performance of an artificial face recognition system as a function of the…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 Matthias S. Keil , Agata Lapedriza , David Masip , Jordi Vitria

Current face recognition systems achieve high progress on several benchmark tests. Despite this progress, recent works showed that these systems are strongly biased against demographic sub-groups. Consequently, an easily integrable solution…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Philipp Terhörst , Jan Niklas Kolf , Naser Damer , Florian Kirchbuchner , Arjan Kuijper

Recently, concerns regarding potential biases in the underlying algorithms of many automated systems (including biometrics) have been raised. In this context, a biased algorithm produces statistically different outcomes for different groups…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-08 P. Drozdowski , B. Prommegger , G. Wimmer , R. Schraml , C. Rathgeb , A. Uhl , C. Busch

Facial recognition has become a widely used method for authentication and identification, with applications for secure access and locating missing persons. Its success is largely attributed to deep learning, which leverages large datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Pedro Vidal , Bernardo Biesseck , Luiz E. L. Coelho , Roger Granada , David Menotti

In recent years, increasing deployment of face recognition technology in security-critical settings, such as border control or law enforcement, has led to considerable interest in the vulnerability of face recognition systems to attacks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Robert Nichols , Christian Rathgeb , Pawel Drozdowski , Christoph Busch

The development of face recognition algorithms by academic and commercial organizations is growing rapidly due to the onset of deep learning and the widespread availability of training data. Though tests of face recognition algorithm…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-11 John J. Howard , Eli J. Laird , Yevgeniy B. Sirotin , Rebecca E. Rubin , Jerry L. Tipton , Arun R. Vemury

Face recognition algorithms have demonstrated very high recognition performance, suggesting suitability for real world applications. Despite the enhanced accuracies, robustness of these algorithms against attacks and bias has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-10 Richa Singh , Akshay Agarwal , Maneet Singh , Shruti Nagpal , Mayank Vatsa

Numerous studies have shown that existing Face Recognition Systems (FRS), including commercial ones, often exhibit biases toward certain ethnicities due to under-represented data. In this work, we explore ethnicity alteration and skin tone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Praveen Kumar Chandaliya , Kiran Raja , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Zahid Akhtar , Christoph Busch

Fingerprint recognition systems have been deployed globally in numerous applications including personal devices, forensics, law enforcement, banking, and national identity systems. For these systems to be socially acceptable and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-20 Akash Godbole , Steven A. Grosz , Karthik Nandakumar , Anil K. Jain

Facial attribute recognition is conventionally computed from a single image. In practice, each subject may have multiple face images. Taking the eye size as an example, it should not change, but it may have different estimation in multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-05-24 Xudong Liu , Guodong Guo

The demographic disparity of biometric systems has led to serious concerns regarding their societal impact as well as applicability of such systems in private and public domains. A quantitative evaluation of demographic fairness is an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Ketan Kotwal , Sebastien Marcel

The fairness of biometric systems, in particular facial recognition, is often analysed for larger demographic groups, e.g. female vs. male or black vs. white. In contrast to this, minority groups are commonly ignored. This paper…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Christian Rathgeb , Mathias Ibsen , Denise Hartmann , Simon Hradetzky , Berglind Ólafsdóttir

Face image quality assessment (FIQA) algorithms are being integrated into online identity management applications. These applications allow users to upload a face image as part of their document issuance process, where the image is then run…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Wassim Kabbani , Kiran Raja , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Christoph Busch

This study investigates the effects of occlusions on the fairness of face recognition systems, particularly focusing on demographic biases. Using the Racial Faces in the Wild (RFW) dataset and synthetically added realistic occlusions, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Rafael M. Mamede , Pedro C. Neto , Ana F. Sequeira

Deep learning-based methods have pushed the limits of the state-of-the-art in face analysis. However, despite their success, these models have raised concerns regarding their bias towards certain demographics. This bias is inflicted both by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-09-10 Markos Georgopoulos , Yannis Panagakis , Maja Pantic