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This report first takes stock of XAI-related requirements appearing in various EU directives, regulations, guidelines, and CJEU case law. This analysis of existing requirements will permit us to have a clearer vision of the purposes, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Winston Maxwell , Bruno Dumas

Efficient patient-doctor interaction is among the key factors for a successful disease diagnosis. During the conversation, the doctor could query complementary diagnostic information, such as the patient's symptoms, previous surgery, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Xueshen Li , Xinlong Hou , Nirupama Ravi , Ziyi Huang , Yu Gan

In the medical domain, numerous scenarios necessitate the long-form generation ability of large language models (LLMs). Specifically, when addressing patients' questions, it is essential that the model's response conveys factual claims,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Minbyul Jeong , Hyeon Hwang , Chanwoong Yoon , Taewhoo Lee , Jaewoo Kang

The adoption of large language models (LLMs) to assist clinicians has attracted remarkable attention. Existing works mainly adopt the close-ended question-answering (QA) task with answer options for evaluation. However, many clinical…

Proto-personas are commonly used during early-stage Product Discovery, such as Lean Inception, to guide product definition and stakeholder alignment. However, the manual creation of proto-personas is often time-consuming, cognitively…

Leveraging large historical data in electronic health record (EHR), we developed Doctor AI, a generic predictive model that covers observed medical conditions and medication uses. Doctor AI is a temporal model using recurrent neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-29 Edward Choi , Mohammad Taha Bahadori , Andy Schuetz , Walter F. Stewart , Jimeng Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in code generation tasks, yet they face significant limitations in handling complex, long-context programming challenges and demonstrating complex compositional reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Amr Almorsi , Mohanned Ahmed , Walid Gomaa

Tables, figures, and listings (TFLs) are essential tools for summarizing clinical trial data. Creation of TFLs for reporting activities is often a time-consuming task encountered routinely during the execution of clinical trials. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-20 Yumeng Yang , Peter Krusche , Kristyn Pantoja , Cheng Shi , Ethan Ludmir , Kirk Roberts , Gen Zhu

Evaluating factual accuracy in Large Language Model (LLM)-generated clinical text is a critical barrier to adoption, as expert review is unscalable for the continuous quality assurance these systems require. We address this challenge with…

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems increasingly support decision-making across critical domains, yet current explainable AI (XAI) approaches prioritize algorithmic transparency over human comprehension. While XAI methods reveal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Christian Meske , Justin Brenne , Erdi Uenal , Sabahat Oelcer , Ayseguel Doganguen

Scientific discovery is often slowed by the manual development of computational tools needed to analyze complex experimental data. Building such tools is costly and time-consuming because scientists must iteratively review literature, test…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Alistair Turcan , Kexin Huang , Lei Li , Martin Jinye Zhang

The rapid adoption of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in research presents both opportunities and ethical challenges that should be carefully navigated. Although GenAI tools can enhance research efficiency through automation of…

There are two main barriers to using large language models (LLMs) in clinical reasoning. Firstly, while LLMs exhibit significant promise in Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, their performance in complex reasoning and planning falls…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Shengxin Hong , Liang Xiao , Xin Zhang , Jianxia Chen

Search agents are language models (LMs) that reason and search knowledge bases (or the web) to answer questions; recent methods supervise only the final answer accuracy using reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR). Most RLVR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 James Burgess , Jan N. Hansen , Duo Peng , Yuhui Zhang , Alejandro Lozano , Min Woo Sun , Emma Lundberg , Serena Yeung-Levy

Unstructured information comprises a valuable source of data in clinical records. For text mining in clinical records, concept extraction is the first step in finding assertions and relationships. This study presents a system developed for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2010-12-09 Ning Kang , Rogier Barendse , Zubair Afzal , Bharat Singh , Martijn J. Schuemie , Erik M. van Mulligen , Jan A. Kors

As Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Agentic AI become increasingly integrated across sectors such as education and healthcare, it is critical to ensure that Multi-Agent Education System (MAES) is explainable from the early stages of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Weibing Zheng , Laurah Turner , Jess Kropczynski , Matthew Kelleher , Murat Ozer , Shane Halse

Intensive care units (ICU) generate long, dense and evolving streams of clinical information, where physicians must repeatedly reassess patient states under time pressure, underscoring a clear need for reliable AI decision support. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Chengzhi Shen , Weixiang Shen , Tobias Susetzky , Chen , Chen , Jun Li , Yuyuan Liu , Xuepeng Zhang , Zhenyu Gong , Daniel Rueckert , Jiazhen Pan

Clinical decision support systems require models that are not only highly accurate but also equitable and sensitive to the implications of missed diagnoses. In this study, we introduce a knowledge-guided in-context learning (ICL) framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Eugenio di Sciascio

Psychiatric intake is a sequential, high-stakes information-gathering process in which clinicians must decide what to ask, in what order, and how to interpret incomplete or ambiguous responses under limited time. Despite growing interest in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Guan Gui , Peter Zandi , Jacob Taylor , Ananya Joshi

Artificial intelligence-augmented technology represents a considerable opportunity for improving healthcare delivery. Significant progress has been made to demonstrate the value of complex models to enhance clinicians` efficiency in…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mohammad Golam Kibria , Lauren Kucirka , Javed Mostafa