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Due to cost benefits, supply chains of integrated circuits (ICs) are largely outsourced nowadays. However, passing ICs through various third-party providers gives rise to many security threats, like piracy of IC intellectual property or…

Sequential logic locking has been studied over the last decade as a method to protect sequential circuits from reverse engineering. However, most of the existing sequential logic locking techniques are threatened by increasingly more…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Yuke Zhang , Yinghua Hu , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Peter A. Beerel

Ion-Sensitive Field-Effect Transistors (ISFETs) form a wide-spread technology for sensing, thanks to their label-free detection and intrinsic CMOS compatibility. Their current sensitivity, {\Delta}ID/ID, for a given {\Delta}pH, however, is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2019-06-27 Francesco Bellando , Ali Saeidi , Adrian M. Ionescu

Existing countermeasures for hardware IP protection, such as obfuscation, camouflaging, and redaction, aim to defend against confidentiality and integrity attacks. However, within the current threat model, these techniques overlook the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Aritra Dasgupta , Sudipta Paria , Christopher Sozio , Andrew Lukefahr , Swarup Bhunia

Logic locking has emerged as a promising solution for protecting the semiconductor intellectual Property (IP) from the untrusted entities in the design and fabrication process. Logic locking hides the functionality of the IP by embedding…

Quantum computing leverages quantum mechanics to achieve computational advantages over classical hardware, but the use of third-party quantum compilers in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) era introduces risks of intellectual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Amal Raj , Vivek Balachandran

Modern circuits face various threats like reverse engineering, theft of intellectual property (IP), side-channel attacks, etc. Here, we present a novel approach for IP protection based on logic encryption (LE). Unlike established schemes…

The use of third-party IP cores in implementing applications in FPGAs has given rise to the threat of malicious alterations through the insertion of hardware Trojans. To address this threat, it is important to predict the way hardware…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-04-06 Ash Luft , Mihai Sima , Michael McGuire

Gate camouflaging is a known security enhancement technique that tries to thwart reverse engineering by hiding the functions of gates or the connections between them. A number of works on SAT-based attacks have shown that it is often…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Shahrzad Keshavarz , Falk Schellenberg , Bastian Richter , Christof Paar , Daniel Holcomb

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) play a critical role in protecting billions of IoT devices from malicious attacks. However, the IDSs for IoT devices face inherent challenges of IoT systems, including the heterogeneity of IoT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Phai Vu Dinh , Quang Uy Nguyen , Dinh Thai Hoang , Diep N. Nguyen , Son Pham Bao , Eryk Dutkiewicz

Modern high-performance as well as power-constrained System-on-Chips (SoC) are increasingly using hardware accelerated encryption engines to secure computation, memory access, and communication operations. The electromagnetic (EM) emission…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-27 Monodeep Kar , Arvind Singh , Sanu Mathew , Santosh Ghosh , Anand Rajan , Vivek De , Raheem Beyah , Saibal Mukhopadhyay

Integrated circuits (ICs) are the foundation of all computing systems. They comprise high-value hardware intellectual property (IP) that are at risk of piracy, reverse-engineering, and modifications while making their way through the…

The basic building blocks for Resonant Tunnelling Diode (RTD) logic circuits are Threshold Gates (TGs) instead of the conventional Boolean gates (AND, OR, NAND, NOR) due to the fact that, when designing with RTDs, threshold gates can be…

Other Condensed Matter · Physics 2007-08-15 H. Pettenghi , M. -J. Avedillo , J. -M. Quintana

Logic Encryption is one of the most popular hardware security techniques which can prevent IP piracy and illegal IC overproduction. It introduces obfuscation by inserting some extra hardware into a design to hide its functionality from…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-17 Rajit Karmakar , Santanu Chatopadhyay , Rohit Kapur

Integrated circuits (ICs) that can operate at high temperature have a wide variety of applications in the fields of automotive, aerospace, space exploration, and deep-well drilling. Conventional silicon-based complementary…

Applied Physics · Physics 2021-06-21 Mitsuaki Kaneko , Masashi Nakajima , Qimin Jin , Tsunenobu Kimoto

Deep learning models are widely deployed in various applications but remain vulnerable to stealthy adversarial threats, particularly backdoor attacks. Backdoor models trained on poisoned datasets behave normally with clean inputs but cause…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chengrui Sun , Hua Zhang , Haoran Gao , Shang Wang , Zian Tian , Jianjin Zhao , Qi Li , Hongliang Zhu , Zongliang Shen , Anmin Fu

High-fidelity quantum gates require precise classical control signals, yet the analog hardware delivering these signals introduces nonlinear distortions that degrade gate performance. We demonstrate digital predistortion of an acousto-optic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Jovan Markov , Yotam Shapira , Ayelet Hasson , Meir Alon , Avraham Gross , Nitzan Akerman , Roee Ozeri

Numerous threats are associated with the globalized integrated circuit (IC) supply chain, such as piracy, reverse engineering, overproduction, and malicious logic insertion. Many obfuscation approaches have been proposed to mitigate these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-13 Zain UlAbideen , Tiago Diadami Perez , Mayler Martins , Samuel Pagliarini

Logic locking remains one of the most promising defenses against hardware piracy, yet current approaches often face challenges in scalability and design overhead. In this paper, we present TLGLock, a new design paradigm that leverages the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Abdullah Sahruri , Martin Margala

Combinational or Classical logic circuits dissipate heat for every bit of information that is lost. Information is lost when the input vector cannot be recovered from its corresponding output vector. Reversible logic circuit implements only…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2010-08-20 Md. Saiful Islam , Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman , Zerina begum , Mohd. Zulfiquar Hafiz